References
131
• There are four primary methods of drug use: snorting, smoking, oral transmission, and injection.
• The major social risk factors for drug abuse, especially among adolescents, are
peer influence, bullying, and gang affiliation.
• An optimal combination of various prevention strategies is beneficial for tackling
substance abuse.
• Family, community, and individual-based strategies can be instrumental in
addressing substance abuse.
• The placebo effect could be used in conjunction with other preventive and control
strategies to deter individuals from abusing drugs.
• Regarding future trends, Africa will experience increased incidences of disease
vectors and zoonotic diseases.
• Europe will experience an increased spread of diseases, including the rise in West
Nile Virus cases while North and South America’s length of transmission season
will prolong.
• Warmer temperatures in Australia could lead to the spread of diseases, and
various vector-borne diseases will spread depending on socioeconomic factors
5.10 Discussion Questions
1. How does the placebo effect work to prevent drug abuse?
2. What makes some methods of drug use lethal compared to others? Compare
and contrast each method.
3. How does drug abuse prevent cohesion in society?
4. Explain two sustainable ways of preventing drug abuse.
5. Identify other Ebola heroes and heroines that you know.
6. Explain the relationship between drug abuse and poverty.
7. How can sustainable development goals be adapted to solve drug abuse?
8. Discuss the effects of opioids on the human body.
9. Explain the difference between addiction and dependence.
10. Identify and discuss three major differences between immunization and vaccination.
11. What are the major challenges experienced during vaccinations?
12. Explain sustainable and innovative methods that are geared towards reducing
the spread of infectious diseases.
References
Altizer, S., Ostfeld, R. S., Johnson, P. T., Kutz, S., & Harvell, C. D. (2013). Climate change and
infectious diseases: From evidence to a predictive framework. Science, 341(6145), 514–519.
131
• There are four primary methods of drug use: snorting, smoking, oral transmission, and injection.
• The major social risk factors for drug abuse, especially among adolescents, are
peer influence, bullying, and gang affiliation.
• An optimal combination of various prevention strategies is beneficial for tackling
substance abuse.
• Family, community, and individual-based strategies can be instrumental in
addressing substance abuse.
• The placebo effect could be used in conjunction with other preventive and control
strategies to deter individuals from abusing drugs.
• Regarding future trends, Africa will experience increased incidences of disease
vectors and zoonotic diseases.
• Europe will experience an increased spread of diseases, including the rise in West
Nile Virus cases while North and South America’s length of transmission season
will prolong.
• Warmer temperatures in Australia could lead to the spread of diseases, and
various vector-borne diseases will spread depending on socioeconomic factors
5.10 Discussion Questions
1. How does the placebo effect work to prevent drug abuse?
2. What makes some methods of drug use lethal compared to others? Compare
and contrast each method.
3. How does drug abuse prevent cohesion in society?
4. Explain two sustainable ways of preventing drug abuse.
5. Identify other Ebola heroes and heroines that you know.
6. Explain the relationship between drug abuse and poverty.
7. How can sustainable development goals be adapted to solve drug abuse?
8. Discuss the effects of opioids on the human body.
9. Explain the difference between addiction and dependence.
10. Identify and discuss three major differences between immunization and vaccination.
11. What are the major challenges experienced during vaccinations?
12. Explain sustainable and innovative methods that are geared towards reducing
the spread of infectious diseases.
References
Altizer, S., Ostfeld, R. S., Johnson, P. T., Kutz, S., & Harvell, C. D. (2013). Climate change and
infectious diseases: From evidence to a predictive framework. Science, 341(6145), 514–519.