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5 Health and Diseases
5.8.5 North America
Future climate change will likely affect the length of the transmission season as well
as the geographical range of a substantial proportion of the infectious diseases. The
direct effect of climate change on habitat will adversely affect biodiversity, further
affecting the emergence and spread of infectious diseases.
5.8.6 South America
Melting of glaciers will adversely lead to the reduction of water supplies. It is
also anticipated that climate change will aggravate the water problem and increase
chances of water contamination. This is because the transmission and reproduction
cycle of microorganisms like Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli benefits
from global warming. The increase in vector borne diseases in future will also have
a detrimental impact on the emergence of diseases. Climate change will influence
the frequency of the outbreaks of diseases associated with the microorganisms.
5.9 Summary
• The major types of diseases are infectious, non-infectious, acquired, chronic,
acute, congenital, genetic, hereditary, idiopathic, primary, terminal, and secondary disease.
• Some modes of transmission are saliva, blood, mucus, and sexual contact.
• Communicable diseases spread in four main ways: physical contact, contact with
an object or surface, animal or insect bites, and by air.
• Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be hereditary but are mainly attributed
to one’s lifestyle.
• The environment and background of individuals are risk factors for NCDs.
• The five major leading risk factors of NCDs are high blood pressure, consumption of alcohol, higher cholesterol, use of tobacco, and being overweight. Other
factors are the social determinants of health.
• Immunization and vaccination are the primary methods used for disease prevention and control.
• The major classes of drugs are narcotics, stimulants, anabolic steroids, depressants, and hallucinogens.
• The chemical classification of drugs results in various types including hallucinogens, opioids, stimulants, depressants, cannabis, inhalants, as well as
psychoactive substances.
• Addiction and dependence are interchangeable terms but have substantial differences as one leads to the other.
5 Health and Diseases
5.8.5 North America
Future climate change will likely affect the length of the transmission season as well
as the geographical range of a substantial proportion of the infectious diseases. The
direct effect of climate change on habitat will adversely affect biodiversity, further
affecting the emergence and spread of infectious diseases.
5.8.6 South America
Melting of glaciers will adversely lead to the reduction of water supplies. It is
also anticipated that climate change will aggravate the water problem and increase
chances of water contamination. This is because the transmission and reproduction
cycle of microorganisms like Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli benefits
from global warming. The increase in vector borne diseases in future will also have
a detrimental impact on the emergence of diseases. Climate change will influence
the frequency of the outbreaks of diseases associated with the microorganisms.
5.9 Summary
• The major types of diseases are infectious, non-infectious, acquired, chronic,
acute, congenital, genetic, hereditary, idiopathic, primary, terminal, and secondary disease.
• Some modes of transmission are saliva, blood, mucus, and sexual contact.
• Communicable diseases spread in four main ways: physical contact, contact with
an object or surface, animal or insect bites, and by air.
• Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) can be hereditary but are mainly attributed
to one’s lifestyle.
• The environment and background of individuals are risk factors for NCDs.
• The five major leading risk factors of NCDs are high blood pressure, consumption of alcohol, higher cholesterol, use of tobacco, and being overweight. Other
factors are the social determinants of health.
• Immunization and vaccination are the primary methods used for disease prevention and control.
• The major classes of drugs are narcotics, stimulants, anabolic steroids, depressants, and hallucinogens.
• The chemical classification of drugs results in various types including hallucinogens, opioids, stimulants, depressants, cannabis, inhalants, as well as
psychoactive substances.
• Addiction and dependence are interchangeable terms but have substantial differences as one leads to the other.