Environmental Profile of Nano-finished Textile …
67
in sunscreens is imperious for the protection of human health as extreme UV contact
leads to massive increase of skin cancers/diseases (Fig. 4).
In this regard, UV protective coatings on food, packaging materials and textile
substrates must meet following two requirements and challenges:
(a) To offer extensive shield over the whole UVA/UVB spectrum, and
(b) To preserve photo-stability after prolonged phases of irradiation.
Presently, extensive spectrum UV protective nature of functional finishes has
been achieved by the use of various organic UV-filters e.g. octinoxate, oxybenzone, avobenzone, octocrylene padimate-O. The main concern to the use of abovementioned organic filters is the formation of carcinogenic reactive oxygen species
(ROS) during photodegradation process [95, 96]. So, use of antioxidants in sunscreen
formulations is highly advised as it scavenges generated ROS, thus improving photostability [97, 98]. Systemic absorption of UV-filters by skin can have adverse effects
on human health. This led scientists to synthesize environmental and human compatible UV-filters by encapsulating nanoparticles to decrease their photo-toxicity
[99, 100].
However, there is further necessity to fabricate nanoparticles which can successfully encapsulate various UV-filters and antioxidants together irrespective of
their early physical states (liquid/solid). Additionally, the developed/synthesized
nanoparticles-UV filters composite should be bio-based for maximum cosmetic and
consumer’s appeal [100]. Textile and polymer surfaces have been significantly investigated in terms of anti-UV properties coated with inorganic nanoparticles such
as TiO 2 , ZnO, SiO 2 , Cu 2 O, CuO, Al 2 O 3 , and modified graphene oxide, owing
to their high temperature thermal and chemical stability, photo-stability and nontoxicity related to the organic finishing agents [101]. Among different inorganic
Fig. 4 Effects of UV radiations on human health
67
in sunscreens is imperious for the protection of human health as extreme UV contact
leads to massive increase of skin cancers/diseases (Fig. 4).
In this regard, UV protective coatings on food, packaging materials and textile
substrates must meet following two requirements and challenges:
(a) To offer extensive shield over the whole UVA/UVB spectrum, and
(b) To preserve photo-stability after prolonged phases of irradiation.
Presently, extensive spectrum UV protective nature of functional finishes has
been achieved by the use of various organic UV-filters e.g. octinoxate, oxybenzone, avobenzone, octocrylene padimate-O. The main concern to the use of abovementioned organic filters is the formation of carcinogenic reactive oxygen species
(ROS) during photodegradation process [95, 96]. So, use of antioxidants in sunscreen
formulations is highly advised as it scavenges generated ROS, thus improving photostability [97, 98]. Systemic absorption of UV-filters by skin can have adverse effects
on human health. This led scientists to synthesize environmental and human compatible UV-filters by encapsulating nanoparticles to decrease their photo-toxicity
[99, 100].
However, there is further necessity to fabricate nanoparticles which can successfully encapsulate various UV-filters and antioxidants together irrespective of
their early physical states (liquid/solid). Additionally, the developed/synthesized
nanoparticles-UV filters composite should be bio-based for maximum cosmetic and
consumer’s appeal [100]. Textile and polymer surfaces have been significantly investigated in terms of anti-UV properties coated with inorganic nanoparticles such
as TiO 2 , ZnO, SiO 2 , Cu 2 O, CuO, Al 2 O 3 , and modified graphene oxide, owing
to their high temperature thermal and chemical stability, photo-stability and nontoxicity related to the organic finishing agents [101]. Among different inorganic
Fig. 4 Effects of UV radiations on human health