Role of Radiation Treatment as a Cost-Effective Tool for Cotton …
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Table 1 Application of MW radiation on dyeing of cotton using Reactive dyes
Radiation used
Dyeing parameters
Work done
MW (1–4 min.)
Reactive Red 195
Curing temperature (150–190 °C),
curing time (1:40–2:30 min:s), pH
NaHCO 3 (25–40 g/100 mL), urea
(40–70 g/100 mL)
Muhammad Kamran
MW (2–10 min.) Reactive violet
H3R
Volume (60 mL), pH (7.5), salt
(8 g/100 mL), temperature
(60 °C), time (55 min.)
Maria Jannat
Mw (1–4 min.), Reactive Blue 19
Temperature (25–55 °C), time
(20–60 min.), pH (3–10), salt
(1–6 g/100 mL)
Tayyaba Ayesha
Mw (2–6 min.)
Reactive Green 6
Temperature (30–90 °C), time
(10–40 min.), pH (7–11), salt
(1–4 g/100 mL
Huma Hira Rehman
MW (1–6 min)
Basic violet 3B dye
pH (6–11), salt (3–7 g/100 mL)
Sobia Qadeer
Mw (1–5)
Reactive Blue 21 Dye
Temperature (30–80 °C), time
(10–40 min.), pH (7–12), salt
(1–6 g/100 mL)
Moneeba Mushtaq
Mw (2–6 min.)
Reactive Black 5
Temperature (30–70 °C), time
(10–60 min.), pH (7–11), salt
(1–4 g/100 mL)
Adilla Arshad
Reactive Blue 19 Mw (1–6 min.)
Statistical analysis temperature
(30–70 °C), time (10–60 min.),
pH (1–9), salt (1–4 g/100 mL),
volume 20–60 mL
Muhammad Sultan
Table 2 Application of MW radiation on vat dyeing of cotton at various dyeing conditions
Radiation used
Dyeing parameters
Work done
Mw (1–6) Vat Red 10 Redox conditions
(i) NaHSO 4 (0.2–2.2 g) (ii) CH 3 COOH
(0.5–3 mL)
(iii) H 2 O 2 (0.5–3 g/100 mL), temperature
(25–55 °C), time (20–60 min.), pH (3–10), Salt
(1–6 g/100 mL)
Maham Majid
MW (1–4)
Vat Yellow 46
Temperature (40–70 °C), time (10–25 min.),
Redox reagent, NaOH (60–90 g/100 mL),
Na 2 S 2 O 4 (80–110 g/100 mL)
Muhammad Kamran
MW (2–6)
Reactive red 195
Temperature (30–80 °C), time (2–10 min.), pH
= 7–10 salt 10–60 g/100Ml
Farwa Khalid