Role of Radiation Treatment as a Cost-Effective Tool for Cotton …
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7.2 US Radiations
Ultrasound radiations another form of ecofriendly rays in the sound spectrum have
frequency under the range of 20–10 MHz. These rays be further divided into two
parts, the primary is known as powerful ultrasound (20–2 MHz) and another is
named as diagnostic ultrasound (5–10 MHz). Ultrasonic radiation has typically long
wavelengths in the millimeter range which is too much greater as compared to the
molecule, thus it cannot interact directly with molecules to produce some chemical
change in it. The phenomena of powerful ultrasound are acoustic cavitation in liquids which accelerates the different types of chemical and physical reactions. Since,
these phenomenon is based on advanced and implosive interruption of microscopic
bubbles which are being capable of creating hot spots through which the color yield
is enhanced but also process become cost, energy and time effective [18]. In textile
dyeing, the main advantage of using ultrasonic energy is to improve the process of
mass transfer which can otherwise be attained by the addition of various chemicals,
prolonged time and using high temperature. The ultrasound-assisted dyeing (UAD)
for textiles is broadly specified in terms of environmental benefits and energy savings.
Different researchers have reported the use of these radiations in dyeing on different
textiles material by applying, basic dyes, acid dyes and disperse dyes [19–21].
7.3 MW Radiation
Microwave radiation is the type of electromagnetic radiation, where its frequency
range is from 30 to 300 GHZ with a wavelength of 1 cm to 1 m. Currently the use
of microwaves has been employed in many applied fields on account of energy consumption and decrease treatment time [22]. Conventional heating is surface heating
while microwave heating is based on activation of polar molecules known as volume
heating which adds value in textile processing by saving energy, cost and labor. These
rays have ability to penetrate easily inside the fabric material uniformly to enhance
its substantive nature [23–25].
8 Role of Radiation in Textiles
Radiations are mostly used in the textile industry because of their promising nature
in saving time, fast treatment time. Microwave irradiation gives better color in a
short period as compared to the common pad batch dyeing process. These rays use
a small amount of energy as compared to the conventional method. It also reduces
the heat transfer problem. By using the microwave, we can save time and get better
results and also the process is ecofriendly. It gives dye exhaustion and a better dyeing
rate. Ultrasonic (US) are other sustainable source of heating gives sharp color and
319
7.2 US Radiations
Ultrasound radiations another form of ecofriendly rays in the sound spectrum have
frequency under the range of 20–10 MHz. These rays be further divided into two
parts, the primary is known as powerful ultrasound (20–2 MHz) and another is
named as diagnostic ultrasound (5–10 MHz). Ultrasonic radiation has typically long
wavelengths in the millimeter range which is too much greater as compared to the
molecule, thus it cannot interact directly with molecules to produce some chemical
change in it. The phenomena of powerful ultrasound are acoustic cavitation in liquids which accelerates the different types of chemical and physical reactions. Since,
these phenomenon is based on advanced and implosive interruption of microscopic
bubbles which are being capable of creating hot spots through which the color yield
is enhanced but also process become cost, energy and time effective [18]. In textile
dyeing, the main advantage of using ultrasonic energy is to improve the process of
mass transfer which can otherwise be attained by the addition of various chemicals,
prolonged time and using high temperature. The ultrasound-assisted dyeing (UAD)
for textiles is broadly specified in terms of environmental benefits and energy savings.
Different researchers have reported the use of these radiations in dyeing on different
textiles material by applying, basic dyes, acid dyes and disperse dyes [19–21].
7.3 MW Radiation
Microwave radiation is the type of electromagnetic radiation, where its frequency
range is from 30 to 300 GHZ with a wavelength of 1 cm to 1 m. Currently the use
of microwaves has been employed in many applied fields on account of energy consumption and decrease treatment time [22]. Conventional heating is surface heating
while microwave heating is based on activation of polar molecules known as volume
heating which adds value in textile processing by saving energy, cost and labor. These
rays have ability to penetrate easily inside the fabric material uniformly to enhance
its substantive nature [23–25].
8 Role of Radiation in Textiles
Radiations are mostly used in the textile industry because of their promising nature
in saving time, fast treatment time. Microwave irradiation gives better color in a
short period as compared to the common pad batch dyeing process. These rays use
a small amount of energy as compared to the conventional method. It also reduces
the heat transfer problem. By using the microwave, we can save time and get better
results and also the process is ecofriendly. It gives dye exhaustion and a better dyeing
rate. Ultrasonic (US) are other sustainable source of heating gives sharp color and