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S. Adeel et al.
1 Introduction
The word textile has been originated from the Latin word known as “texture” which
represents braid, to construct or to weave. The textile process comprised of different
phases such as the spinning of cotton, manufacturing of fabrics, dyeing and finishing. Since 1947, till today Pakistan has become the 14th largest producer of cotton
with yielding capacity of 7.6% which is the total Asian quantity of spinning sector after china [1]. The synthesis of reactive dyes in 1954 and its proper usage in
1956 contracted a major innovation in the dyeing of cotton and other fabric. The oil
crises in 1970 rising a costs of raw material used, which in turn, created the drive
for extreme energy effective and cost-effective technologies to be used in textile
processing. Meanwhile, the world has reached steadily to an estimated cost of 3.5
× 10
6 tons with the utilization of two major textile fibers i.e. cotton and polyester
[2]. During 2010–11, Pakistan has USD10.2 billion textile exports which comprise
3% to the USA and the other 97% to other countries. Despite all this Pakistan textile industry is facing high production cost due to (i) improper implementation of
five-year textile policy (ii) an increase in the interest rate, (iii) the devaluation of
Pakistan currency, (iv) political unstable atmosphere, (v) removal of subsidy due to
shortage of power and gas, (vi) weak internal and financial management, (viii) use
of old machinery, (ix) old processing technology, (x) waste of labor and (xi) world
environmental standards etc. These problems urged textile researchers to think about
the use of such technologies improving production efficiency and make it cost and
energy effective [3].
By using such technologies, we can not only save money, labor, power and minimize environmental pollution but also can rise the production rate of textile products.
The use of radiation in dyeing and finishing has a great effect which not only fixes the
dye onto irradiated fabric firmly but also needs less severs conditions to get excellent
color strength. It also helps in reducing the labor and cost by less wastage of dye into
the water. It improves water-repelling properties of the fabric, increases the wrinkling and shrinking resistance of the cotton fabric and reduces the pilling of cotton
fabric and adds value in the coloration of cotton and polyester via improving wet
ability of fabrics [4, 5]. It may also reduce dyeing temperature, dyeing time as well
as energy and save the economy previously it has been found that the use of such
cost-effective and energy effective technology can help to enhance the rate of export
by value-added products which are eco-label. These sustainable products can help in
rising foreign exchanges and the economy of Pakistan as well as will improve trade
policy in the world textile market.
S. Adeel et al.
1 Introduction
The word textile has been originated from the Latin word known as “texture” which
represents braid, to construct or to weave. The textile process comprised of different
phases such as the spinning of cotton, manufacturing of fabrics, dyeing and finishing. Since 1947, till today Pakistan has become the 14th largest producer of cotton
with yielding capacity of 7.6% which is the total Asian quantity of spinning sector after china [1]. The synthesis of reactive dyes in 1954 and its proper usage in
1956 contracted a major innovation in the dyeing of cotton and other fabric. The oil
crises in 1970 rising a costs of raw material used, which in turn, created the drive
for extreme energy effective and cost-effective technologies to be used in textile
processing. Meanwhile, the world has reached steadily to an estimated cost of 3.5
× 10
6 tons with the utilization of two major textile fibers i.e. cotton and polyester
[2]. During 2010–11, Pakistan has USD10.2 billion textile exports which comprise
3% to the USA and the other 97% to other countries. Despite all this Pakistan textile industry is facing high production cost due to (i) improper implementation of
five-year textile policy (ii) an increase in the interest rate, (iii) the devaluation of
Pakistan currency, (iv) political unstable atmosphere, (v) removal of subsidy due to
shortage of power and gas, (vi) weak internal and financial management, (viii) use
of old machinery, (ix) old processing technology, (x) waste of labor and (xi) world
environmental standards etc. These problems urged textile researchers to think about
the use of such technologies improving production efficiency and make it cost and
energy effective [3].
By using such technologies, we can not only save money, labor, power and minimize environmental pollution but also can rise the production rate of textile products.
The use of radiation in dyeing and finishing has a great effect which not only fixes the
dye onto irradiated fabric firmly but also needs less severs conditions to get excellent
color strength. It also helps in reducing the labor and cost by less wastage of dye into
the water. It improves water-repelling properties of the fabric, increases the wrinkling and shrinking resistance of the cotton fabric and reduces the pilling of cotton
fabric and adds value in the coloration of cotton and polyester via improving wet
ability of fabrics [4, 5]. It may also reduce dyeing temperature, dyeing time as well
as energy and save the economy previously it has been found that the use of such
cost-effective and energy effective technology can help to enhance the rate of export
by value-added products which are eco-label. These sustainable products can help in
rising foreign exchanges and the economy of Pakistan as well as will improve trade
policy in the world textile market.