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3.1.1 Plasma Treatment
In this process, predefined gas is heated under high pressure to produce charged
plasma state and fabric is placed between it, the layer formed on textile modify
the surface property. The plasma treatment is widely used nowadays for desizing,
wettability enhancement, improving dyeing-printing ability and physical property of
textiles.
3.1.2 Ultrasonic Application
In a bath, when ultrasonic waves are introduced, it gets absorbed in liquor forming
gas bubbles. Due to vibrations these tiny bubbles collapse generating shock waves
and if the bubbles are not collapsed then they push water producing streaming. This
energy helps in better penetration of dyes and chemicals, certain surface treatment
with better efficiency, etc. [18]. The process is cost-effective and eco-friendly but the
formation of high-intensity ultrasound in a big vessel is a difficult task [19].
3.1.3 Irradiation Treatments
UV and gamma irradiation treatments are also extensively used in the industry to
modify properties especially for synthetics and non-wovens [20]. Due to the high
energy source and high penetrability of such rays, they can affect chemical bonding
with the deterioration of physical properties of textiles [17].
3.1.4 Grafting Copolymer
The grafting is the method where copolymers are strongly bonded onto the polymer
chain, when it comes in contact with dry heat, the mixture of polymers form a coated
layer on the surface that alters the physical forces of the treated substrate [21, 22].
3.1.5 Enzyme Treatment
Many enzymes are used for cotton pre-treatment and finishing processes due to
their positive properties towards the environment as they are very specific in action,
biodegradable and best alternative to toxic chemicals [23].
295
3.1.1 Plasma Treatment
In this process, predefined gas is heated under high pressure to produce charged
plasma state and fabric is placed between it, the layer formed on textile modify
the surface property. The plasma treatment is widely used nowadays for desizing,
wettability enhancement, improving dyeing-printing ability and physical property of
textiles.
3.1.2 Ultrasonic Application
In a bath, when ultrasonic waves are introduced, it gets absorbed in liquor forming
gas bubbles. Due to vibrations these tiny bubbles collapse generating shock waves
and if the bubbles are not collapsed then they push water producing streaming. This
energy helps in better penetration of dyes and chemicals, certain surface treatment
with better efficiency, etc. [18]. The process is cost-effective and eco-friendly but the
formation of high-intensity ultrasound in a big vessel is a difficult task [19].
3.1.3 Irradiation Treatments
UV and gamma irradiation treatments are also extensively used in the industry to
modify properties especially for synthetics and non-wovens [20]. Due to the high
energy source and high penetrability of such rays, they can affect chemical bonding
with the deterioration of physical properties of textiles [17].
3.1.4 Grafting Copolymer
The grafting is the method where copolymers are strongly bonded onto the polymer
chain, when it comes in contact with dry heat, the mixture of polymers form a coated
layer on the surface that alters the physical forces of the treated substrate [21, 22].
3.1.5 Enzyme Treatment
Many enzymes are used for cotton pre-treatment and finishing processes due to
their positive properties towards the environment as they are very specific in action,
biodegradable and best alternative to toxic chemicals [23].