146
S. Riaz and M. Ashraf
In another study chitosan attached cellulose fibers were prepared and then soaked
in copper aqueous solution to make copper bound chitosan attached cellulose fibers,
reduction of copper into copper nanoparticles was done by using sodium borohydride solution. These CuNP’s attached fibers have great prospective to be used as
antibacterial wound dressing because of having excellent antibacterial activity [106].
7.2.3 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle and Composites
TiO 2 nanomaterials are focused due to their photocatalytic property [107, 108], this
photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 provides active protection against bacteria. Therefore, this attribute was investigated for propylene fibers. Here, composite Ag/ TiO 2
nanocomposite filler were used for melt spinning of polypropylene (PP). Biostatic effectiveness was excellent for Ag/TiO 2 /PP nanocomposite filaments [109].
In another antibacterial property investigation, nano-sol was prepared in which cellulosic fibers were pressed through nano-sol to coat nano TiO 2 on substrate. Fibers
showed substantial antibacterial activity in UV light, however, the activity was not
very effective in dark [110]. Synergistic effect of TiO 2 and Cu nanocomposite film
made by direct current pulsed magnetron sputtering onto polyester and cotton fabric
was investigated [111]. When sputtering by direct current TiO 2 sputtering of textile
material for 10 min was followed by direct current pulsed sputtering of Cu-layers
for 40 s. Due to band gap and band position the hole injection from CuO to TiO 2
occurred, preventing e
− -hole recombination of CuO that allowed holes in TiO 2 to
inactivate Escherichia coli. Because of large difference between to valance band
(vb) a significant induced force was responsible for interfacial charge transfer from
CuO to TiO 2 . TiO 2 holes (+) react with OH
− group at surface of TiO 2 releasing OH
•
radical that inactivated bacteria (Fig. 13).
TiO 2 nanowires alone and Ag-doped TiO 2 nanowires were also applied on textile substrate to compare their antibacterial properties due to photocatalysis. TiO 2
nanowires were fabricated by hydrothermal process using TiO 2 NPs. Ag-doped TiO 2
NPs and nanowires were synthesized by photo-reduction of Ag
+ ions to Ag metal on
the surface of TiO 2 NPs and nanowires. Different concentrations of PVP were coated
on bleached cotton fabric was dip-pad-dry method. These treated and untreated fabric samples were then applied with nano-sol containing TiO 2 NPs and nanowires and
Ag-doped TiO 2 NPS and nanowires by pad-dry-cure method. PVP acted as dispersant
and stabilizer for NPs and nanowires. The finished cotton fabrics were investigated for
their antibacterial properties. Sample pre-treated with highest concentration of PVP
that was finished with highest concentration of Ag-doped TiO 2 nanowires exhibited
highest activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains
and fungi. Thus, a potential finished textile for medical and industrial applications
[112].
Ultrasound energy is used is sonochemistry for induction of some physical and
chemical change in medium via acoustic cavitation. TiO 2 were deposited by ultrasonic mechanism onto cotton substrate. Use of ultrasonic irradiation for coating on
textile substrate is economic, simple, fast and “green” approach that does not involve
S. Riaz and M. Ashraf
In another study chitosan attached cellulose fibers were prepared and then soaked
in copper aqueous solution to make copper bound chitosan attached cellulose fibers,
reduction of copper into copper nanoparticles was done by using sodium borohydride solution. These CuNP’s attached fibers have great prospective to be used as
antibacterial wound dressing because of having excellent antibacterial activity [106].
7.2.3 Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle and Composites
TiO 2 nanomaterials are focused due to their photocatalytic property [107, 108], this
photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 provides active protection against bacteria. Therefore, this attribute was investigated for propylene fibers. Here, composite Ag/ TiO 2
nanocomposite filler were used for melt spinning of polypropylene (PP). Biostatic effectiveness was excellent for Ag/TiO 2 /PP nanocomposite filaments [109].
In another antibacterial property investigation, nano-sol was prepared in which cellulosic fibers were pressed through nano-sol to coat nano TiO 2 on substrate. Fibers
showed substantial antibacterial activity in UV light, however, the activity was not
very effective in dark [110]. Synergistic effect of TiO 2 and Cu nanocomposite film
made by direct current pulsed magnetron sputtering onto polyester and cotton fabric
was investigated [111]. When sputtering by direct current TiO 2 sputtering of textile
material for 10 min was followed by direct current pulsed sputtering of Cu-layers
for 40 s. Due to band gap and band position the hole injection from CuO to TiO 2
occurred, preventing e
− -hole recombination of CuO that allowed holes in TiO 2 to
inactivate Escherichia coli. Because of large difference between to valance band
(vb) a significant induced force was responsible for interfacial charge transfer from
CuO to TiO 2 . TiO 2 holes (+) react with OH
− group at surface of TiO 2 releasing OH
•
radical that inactivated bacteria (Fig. 13).
TiO 2 nanowires alone and Ag-doped TiO 2 nanowires were also applied on textile substrate to compare their antibacterial properties due to photocatalysis. TiO 2
nanowires were fabricated by hydrothermal process using TiO 2 NPs. Ag-doped TiO 2
NPs and nanowires were synthesized by photo-reduction of Ag
+ ions to Ag metal on
the surface of TiO 2 NPs and nanowires. Different concentrations of PVP were coated
on bleached cotton fabric was dip-pad-dry method. These treated and untreated fabric samples were then applied with nano-sol containing TiO 2 NPs and nanowires and
Ag-doped TiO 2 NPS and nanowires by pad-dry-cure method. PVP acted as dispersant
and stabilizer for NPs and nanowires. The finished cotton fabrics were investigated for
their antibacterial properties. Sample pre-treated with highest concentration of PVP
that was finished with highest concentration of Ag-doped TiO 2 nanowires exhibited
highest activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains
and fungi. Thus, a potential finished textile for medical and industrial applications
[112].
Ultrasound energy is used is sonochemistry for induction of some physical and
chemical change in medium via acoustic cavitation. TiO 2 were deposited by ultrasonic mechanism onto cotton substrate. Use of ultrasonic irradiation for coating on
textile substrate is economic, simple, fast and “green” approach that does not involve