122
S. Sarkar et al.
4.3 Catalase and Lipase in Cotton Processing
Catalase and lipase are though very common enzymes but play an important use
in finishing of cotton. Catalase has two important usages in two different stages,
one in hydrogen peroxide treatment just before bleaching and another is in waste
water treatment [15]. In order to reduce environmental pollution catalase treatment
remove residual hydrogen peroxide from cotton. Textile companies mainly consume
high amount of water which is one of the main cause behind the water shortage. This
process also limits the usage of water. This is an appropriate green usage of enzyme in
textile finishing. It is used in washing to remove knits from it and commercial finishing
after bleaching [29]. There is one drawback of using catalase in removal of residual
hydrogen peroxide. At the time of reaction it produces high temperature and high
alkaline condition. As enzyme shows optimal activity under ambient temperature
and neutral pH, so catalase fails to withstand in adverse condition. Extremophilic
microorganism’s enzyme are being tried to use in order to mitigate this problem
[15]. Sometime catalase activity reduces dye uptake capability. Use of immobilised
microbes can alleviate this trouble.
Lipase is an enzyme of hydrolyase section of classification. For useful processing of cotton, microorganism mediated lipase is used widely in textile industry.
Hydrolytic enzymes has effective role in pre-treatment of cotton. In textile lipase
removes lubricant from cotton fiber in order to improve absorbance efficiency of dye
[30]. This will increase the brightness and quality of colour on cotton wearer. Lipase
treatment also decreases the regularity of crack and streak in cotton denim. It mainly
removes wax and oil from raw cotton material at the time of bioscouring, a step of
cotton processing. Lipase is responsible for proteinolytic activity too. Lipase activity
in addition with pectinase activity helps to lowering down the water absorbance of
cotton which increases the scouring effect [14].
5 Immobilized Enzymes and Enzyme Nanoparticles
in Textile Finishing Process: A Paradigm Shift
in Eco-friendly Textile Processing
In recent era with increased demand of products new technologies have been
evolved, immobilisation and nanoparticle formation is one of them. Immobilisation of enzymes increases the productivity of enzyme. Immobilisation of amylase
is done by chemical cross linking of enzymes with functional magnetite nanoparticles. It also increases the thermal stability and can be stored for long time [31]. This
process shows increased activity in desizing of cotton. Laccase immobilisation is
done with modified green coconut fibres and 3-glycidoxypropyl tri-methyloxysilane
which increase substrate specificity [31]. This has prolonged usage in textile waste
water treatment. Immobilised protease shows increased thermal stability. This is
mainly used in production of shrink free finished woollen clothes [31]. All these
S. Sarkar et al.
4.3 Catalase and Lipase in Cotton Processing
Catalase and lipase are though very common enzymes but play an important use
in finishing of cotton. Catalase has two important usages in two different stages,
one in hydrogen peroxide treatment just before bleaching and another is in waste
water treatment [15]. In order to reduce environmental pollution catalase treatment
remove residual hydrogen peroxide from cotton. Textile companies mainly consume
high amount of water which is one of the main cause behind the water shortage. This
process also limits the usage of water. This is an appropriate green usage of enzyme in
textile finishing. It is used in washing to remove knits from it and commercial finishing
after bleaching [29]. There is one drawback of using catalase in removal of residual
hydrogen peroxide. At the time of reaction it produces high temperature and high
alkaline condition. As enzyme shows optimal activity under ambient temperature
and neutral pH, so catalase fails to withstand in adverse condition. Extremophilic
microorganism’s enzyme are being tried to use in order to mitigate this problem
[15]. Sometime catalase activity reduces dye uptake capability. Use of immobilised
microbes can alleviate this trouble.
Lipase is an enzyme of hydrolyase section of classification. For useful processing of cotton, microorganism mediated lipase is used widely in textile industry.
Hydrolytic enzymes has effective role in pre-treatment of cotton. In textile lipase
removes lubricant from cotton fiber in order to improve absorbance efficiency of dye
[30]. This will increase the brightness and quality of colour on cotton wearer. Lipase
treatment also decreases the regularity of crack and streak in cotton denim. It mainly
removes wax and oil from raw cotton material at the time of bioscouring, a step of
cotton processing. Lipase is responsible for proteinolytic activity too. Lipase activity
in addition with pectinase activity helps to lowering down the water absorbance of
cotton which increases the scouring effect [14].
5 Immobilized Enzymes and Enzyme Nanoparticles
in Textile Finishing Process: A Paradigm Shift
in Eco-friendly Textile Processing
In recent era with increased demand of products new technologies have been
evolved, immobilisation and nanoparticle formation is one of them. Immobilisation of enzymes increases the productivity of enzyme. Immobilisation of amylase
is done by chemical cross linking of enzymes with functional magnetite nanoparticles. It also increases the thermal stability and can be stored for long time [31]. This
process shows increased activity in desizing of cotton. Laccase immobilisation is
done with modified green coconut fibres and 3-glycidoxypropyl tri-methyloxysilane
which increase substrate specificity [31]. This has prolonged usage in textile waste
water treatment. Immobilised protease shows increased thermal stability. This is
mainly used in production of shrink free finished woollen clothes [31]. All these