Han H, Bhowmik PK, Frisch KC (1997) Wholly aromatic thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesters
of 3,3
0 -bis(phenyl)-4,4
0 -biphenol with 4,4
0 -benzophenone dicarboxylic acid. J Polym Sci Part
A: Polym Chem 35:769–785
Heino MT, Hietaoja PT, Vainio TP, Seppälä JV (1994) Effect of viscosity ratio and processing
conditions on the morphology of blends of liquid crystalline polymer and polypropylene. J Appl
Polym Sci 51(2):259–270
Huang HZ, Chen L, Wang YZ (2009) A kinked unit-containing thermotropic liquid crystalline
copolyester with low glass transition temperature and broad phase transition temperature.
J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47:4703–4409
Hyun NY, Larry FC, Gordon WC (1992) Synthesis, processing sand properties of thermotropic
liquid-crystal polymers. Adv Mater 4:206–214
Ignatious F, Lu CX, Kim J, Kantor SW, Lenz RW (1995) Liquid crystalline block copolymers
containing rigid units and flexible ethylene terephthalate segments. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym
Chem 33:1329–1340
Irvine DJ, McCluskey JA, Robinson IM (2000) Fire hazards and some common polymers. Polym
Degrad Stab 67:383
Jeong KU, Knapp BS, Ge JJ, Graham MJ, Tu YF, Leng SW, Xiong HM, Harris FW, Cheng SZD
(2006) Structures and phase transformations of odd-numbered asymmetric main-chain liquid
crystalline polyesters. Polymer 47(10):3351–3362
Kiss G (1987) Blends of isotropic polymers and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Polym
Eng Sci 27:410–423
Laoutid F, Bonnaud L, Alexandre M, Lopez-Cuesta J-M, Dubois P (2009) New prospects in flame
retardant polymer materials: from fundamentals to nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng R 63
(3):100–125
Laupretre F, Noel C (1991) Liquid crystallinity in polymers. VCH, New York
Liaw DJ, Wang KL, Huang YC, Lee KR, Lai JY, Ha CS (2012) Advanced polyimide materials:
syntheses, physical properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 37:907–974
Lin LL, Hong JL (2000) Thermotropic copolyesters containing spirobicromane moieties: synthesis
and primary characterizations. Polymer 41(7):2419–2430
Lu SY, Hamerton I (2002) Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant
polymers. Progress in polymer science. Prog Polym Sci 27(8):1661–1712
Luzny W, Pomarzanska SE, Pron A (1999) Structural properties of selected poly(azomethines).
Polymer 40(23):6611–6614
Lyon RE (1994) Fire-safe aircraft cabin materials. Am Chem Soc Wash 1995:618–638
Ortiz C, Ober CK, Kramer EJ (1998a) Stress relaxation of a main-chain, smectic, polydomain liquid
crystalline elastomer. Polymer 39(16):3713–3718
Ortiz C, Wagner M, Bhargava N, Ober CK, Kramer EJ (1998b) Deformation of a polydomain,
smectic liquid crystalline elastomer. Macromolecules 31(24):8531–8539
Parameswaran V, Shukla A (2000) Processing and characterization of a model functionally gradient
material. J Mater Sci 35:21–29
Percec V, Kawasumi M (1991) Liquid-crystalline polyethers based on conformational isomerism.
18. Polyethers based on a combined mesogenic unit containing rigid and flexible groups:
1-(4-hydroxy-4
0 -biphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane. Macromolecules 24:6318–6324
Percec V, Kawasumi M (1992) Synthesis and characterization of a thermotropic nematic liquid
crystalline dendrimeric polymer. Macromolecules 25:3843–3850
Percec V, Tsuda Y (1990) Liquid-crystalline polyethers based on conformational isomerism. 10.
Synthesis and determination of the virtual mesophases of polyethers based on
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane and.Alpha.,.Omega.-dibromoalkanes
containing from 17 to 20 methylene units. Macromolecules 23:3509–3520
Percec V, Yourd R (1989) Liquid crystalline polyethers based on conformational isomerism.
2. Thermotropic polyethers and copolyethers based on 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methyl-4hydroxyphenyl)ethane and flexible spacers containing an odd number of methylene units.
Macromolecules 22:524–537
20 Highly Flame-Retardant Liquid Crystalline Polymers
573
of 3,3
0 -bis(phenyl)-4,4
0 -biphenol with 4,4
0 -benzophenone dicarboxylic acid. J Polym Sci Part
A: Polym Chem 35:769–785
Heino MT, Hietaoja PT, Vainio TP, Seppälä JV (1994) Effect of viscosity ratio and processing
conditions on the morphology of blends of liquid crystalline polymer and polypropylene. J Appl
Polym Sci 51(2):259–270
Huang HZ, Chen L, Wang YZ (2009) A kinked unit-containing thermotropic liquid crystalline
copolyester with low glass transition temperature and broad phase transition temperature.
J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47:4703–4409
Hyun NY, Larry FC, Gordon WC (1992) Synthesis, processing sand properties of thermotropic
liquid-crystal polymers. Adv Mater 4:206–214
Ignatious F, Lu CX, Kim J, Kantor SW, Lenz RW (1995) Liquid crystalline block copolymers
containing rigid units and flexible ethylene terephthalate segments. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym
Chem 33:1329–1340
Irvine DJ, McCluskey JA, Robinson IM (2000) Fire hazards and some common polymers. Polym
Degrad Stab 67:383
Jeong KU, Knapp BS, Ge JJ, Graham MJ, Tu YF, Leng SW, Xiong HM, Harris FW, Cheng SZD
(2006) Structures and phase transformations of odd-numbered asymmetric main-chain liquid
crystalline polyesters. Polymer 47(10):3351–3362
Kiss G (1987) Blends of isotropic polymers and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers. Polym
Eng Sci 27:410–423
Laoutid F, Bonnaud L, Alexandre M, Lopez-Cuesta J-M, Dubois P (2009) New prospects in flame
retardant polymer materials: from fundamentals to nanocomposites. Mater Sci Eng R 63
(3):100–125
Laupretre F, Noel C (1991) Liquid crystallinity in polymers. VCH, New York
Liaw DJ, Wang KL, Huang YC, Lee KR, Lai JY, Ha CS (2012) Advanced polyimide materials:
syntheses, physical properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 37:907–974
Lin LL, Hong JL (2000) Thermotropic copolyesters containing spirobicromane moieties: synthesis
and primary characterizations. Polymer 41(7):2419–2430
Lu SY, Hamerton I (2002) Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant
polymers. Progress in polymer science. Prog Polym Sci 27(8):1661–1712
Luzny W, Pomarzanska SE, Pron A (1999) Structural properties of selected poly(azomethines).
Polymer 40(23):6611–6614
Lyon RE (1994) Fire-safe aircraft cabin materials. Am Chem Soc Wash 1995:618–638
Ortiz C, Ober CK, Kramer EJ (1998a) Stress relaxation of a main-chain, smectic, polydomain liquid
crystalline elastomer. Polymer 39(16):3713–3718
Ortiz C, Wagner M, Bhargava N, Ober CK, Kramer EJ (1998b) Deformation of a polydomain,
smectic liquid crystalline elastomer. Macromolecules 31(24):8531–8539
Parameswaran V, Shukla A (2000) Processing and characterization of a model functionally gradient
material. J Mater Sci 35:21–29
Percec V, Kawasumi M (1991) Liquid-crystalline polyethers based on conformational isomerism.
18. Polyethers based on a combined mesogenic unit containing rigid and flexible groups:
1-(4-hydroxy-4
0 -biphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)butane. Macromolecules 24:6318–6324
Percec V, Kawasumi M (1992) Synthesis and characterization of a thermotropic nematic liquid
crystalline dendrimeric polymer. Macromolecules 25:3843–3850
Percec V, Tsuda Y (1990) Liquid-crystalline polyethers based on conformational isomerism. 10.
Synthesis and determination of the virtual mesophases of polyethers based on
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane and.Alpha.,.Omega.-dibromoalkanes
containing from 17 to 20 methylene units. Macromolecules 23:3509–3520
Percec V, Yourd R (1989) Liquid crystalline polyethers based on conformational isomerism.
2. Thermotropic polyethers and copolyethers based on 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-(2-methyl-4hydroxyphenyl)ethane and flexible spacers containing an odd number of methylene units.
Macromolecules 22:524–537
20 Highly Flame-Retardant Liquid Crystalline Polymers
573