our design method. We can expect that the polymers would extend to further
application fields such as holograms and resist materials.
References
Choi M-C, Wakita J, Ha C-S, Ando S (2009) Highly transparent and refractive polyimides with
controlled molecular structure by chlorine side groups. Macromolecules 42:5112–5120
Cognard J (1982) Alignment of Nematic liquid crystals and their mixtures. Gordon and Breach
Science, London
Gibbons WM, Shannon PJ, Sun ST, Swetlin BJ (1991) Surface-mediated alignment of nematic
liquid-crystals with polarized laser-light. Nature 351:49–50
Ha KR, West JL (2002) Studies on the photodegradation of polarized UV-exposed PMDA-ODA
polyimide films. J Appl Polym Sci 86:3072–3077
Kanehashi S, Nakagawa T, Nagai K, Duthie X, Kentish S, Stevens G (2007) Effects of carbon
dioxide-induced plasticization on the gas trans-port properties of glassy polyimide membranes.
J Membr Sci 298:147–155
Kanehashi S, Sato S, Nagai K (2011) Membrane color and gas permeability of 6FDA-TeMPD
polyimide membranes prepared with various membrane preparation protocols. Polym Eng Sci
51:2360–2369
Miyata S, Sato S, Nagai K, Nakagawa T, Kudo K (2008) Relationship between gas transport
properties and fractional free volume determined from dielectric constant in polyimide films
containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene group. J Appl Polym Sci 107:3933–3944
Nishikawa M, West JL (1999) Order parameter of liquid crystal on polyimide with polarized
ultraviolet-light exposure. Jpn J Appl Phys 38:L331–L333
Sato S, Suzuki M, Kanehashi S, Nagai K (2010) Permeability, diffusivity, and solubility of benzene
vapor and water vapor in high free volume silicon- or fluorine-containing polymer membranes.
J Membr Sci 360:352–362
Sato S, Ito H, Mizunuma T, Nagai K, Matsumoto H, Matsumoto S (2011a) Substitute effect of
fluorine-containing polyimides with hexafluoroisopropylidene group on photo alignment of
liquid crystal molecule. J Photopolym Sci Technol 24:617–623
Sato S, Ose T, Miyata S, Kanehashi S, Ito H, Matsumoto S, Iwai Y, Matsumoto H, Nagai K (2011b)
Relationship between the gas transport properties and the refractive index in high-free-volume
fluorine-containing polyimide membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 121:2794–2803
Sato S, Gondo D, Sugiyama H, Nagai K, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto H (2012) Photo-reactivities of
6FDA-TeMPD polyimides prepared using different film preparation protocols as an alignment
layer. J Photopolym Sci Technol 25:401–407
Sato S, Ichikawa M, Ose T, Miyata S, Takahashi Y, Kanehashi S, Matsumoto H, Nagai K (2013)
Gas transport and optical properties of ABA-type triblock copolymers designed using fluorinecontaining polyimide macroinitiators with methyl methacrylate. Polym Int 62:1377–1385
Schadt M, Schmitt K, Kozinkov V, Chigrinov V (1992) Surface-induced parallel alignment of
liquid-crystals by linearly polymerized photopolymers. Jpn J Appl Phys 31:2155–2164
Shitomi H, Ibuki T, Matsumoto S, Onuki H (1999) Optically controlled alignment of liquid crystal
on polyimide films exposed to undulator radiation. Jpn J Appl Phys 38:176–179
18 Photoalignment of Liquid Crystal Molecules Using Fluorine-Containing. . .
521
application fields such as holograms and resist materials.
References
Choi M-C, Wakita J, Ha C-S, Ando S (2009) Highly transparent and refractive polyimides with
controlled molecular structure by chlorine side groups. Macromolecules 42:5112–5120
Cognard J (1982) Alignment of Nematic liquid crystals and their mixtures. Gordon and Breach
Science, London
Gibbons WM, Shannon PJ, Sun ST, Swetlin BJ (1991) Surface-mediated alignment of nematic
liquid-crystals with polarized laser-light. Nature 351:49–50
Ha KR, West JL (2002) Studies on the photodegradation of polarized UV-exposed PMDA-ODA
polyimide films. J Appl Polym Sci 86:3072–3077
Kanehashi S, Nakagawa T, Nagai K, Duthie X, Kentish S, Stevens G (2007) Effects of carbon
dioxide-induced plasticization on the gas trans-port properties of glassy polyimide membranes.
J Membr Sci 298:147–155
Kanehashi S, Sato S, Nagai K (2011) Membrane color and gas permeability of 6FDA-TeMPD
polyimide membranes prepared with various membrane preparation protocols. Polym Eng Sci
51:2360–2369
Miyata S, Sato S, Nagai K, Nakagawa T, Kudo K (2008) Relationship between gas transport
properties and fractional free volume determined from dielectric constant in polyimide films
containing the hexafluoroisopropylidene group. J Appl Polym Sci 107:3933–3944
Nishikawa M, West JL (1999) Order parameter of liquid crystal on polyimide with polarized
ultraviolet-light exposure. Jpn J Appl Phys 38:L331–L333
Sato S, Suzuki M, Kanehashi S, Nagai K (2010) Permeability, diffusivity, and solubility of benzene
vapor and water vapor in high free volume silicon- or fluorine-containing polymer membranes.
J Membr Sci 360:352–362
Sato S, Ito H, Mizunuma T, Nagai K, Matsumoto H, Matsumoto S (2011a) Substitute effect of
fluorine-containing polyimides with hexafluoroisopropylidene group on photo alignment of
liquid crystal molecule. J Photopolym Sci Technol 24:617–623
Sato S, Ose T, Miyata S, Kanehashi S, Ito H, Matsumoto S, Iwai Y, Matsumoto H, Nagai K (2011b)
Relationship between the gas transport properties and the refractive index in high-free-volume
fluorine-containing polyimide membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 121:2794–2803
Sato S, Gondo D, Sugiyama H, Nagai K, Matsumoto S, Matsumoto H (2012) Photo-reactivities of
6FDA-TeMPD polyimides prepared using different film preparation protocols as an alignment
layer. J Photopolym Sci Technol 25:401–407
Sato S, Ichikawa M, Ose T, Miyata S, Takahashi Y, Kanehashi S, Matsumoto H, Nagai K (2013)
Gas transport and optical properties of ABA-type triblock copolymers designed using fluorinecontaining polyimide macroinitiators with methyl methacrylate. Polym Int 62:1377–1385
Schadt M, Schmitt K, Kozinkov V, Chigrinov V (1992) Surface-induced parallel alignment of
liquid-crystals by linearly polymerized photopolymers. Jpn J Appl Phys 31:2155–2164
Shitomi H, Ibuki T, Matsumoto S, Onuki H (1999) Optically controlled alignment of liquid crystal
on polyimide films exposed to undulator radiation. Jpn J Appl Phys 38:176–179
18 Photoalignment of Liquid Crystal Molecules Using Fluorine-Containing. . .
521