gets deposited near the wall of the mold, while the other portions of the melt at the
center will be injected later and cannot reach to the flow front. This particular flow
leads to the development of highly oriented skin and non-oriented core. LCP sheets
formed by extrusion and melt drawing show high anisotropy between flow and
transverse directions as evidenced by the mechanical and physical properties (Ide
and Ophir 1983). In another study, the injection molding of thermotropic LCPs is
investigated to understand the state of orientation and dielectric constant of the
material (Sullivan et al. 2018). The material has exhibited a hierarchal structure
in LCP during processing due to the complex rheological and thermal conditions.
The injection-molded specimens are characterized by anisotropic morphology. The
molecular orientation in the molecules is further examined by WAXD (wide-angle
X-ray diffraction) study in transmission mode for a better understanding of the
structure and property relationship (Fig. 14). The dielectric constant measurement
is carried out along the normal and transverse directions. The minute examination
reveals that the LCPs exhibit single mode of orientation along the direction of the
Table 1 Properties of industrial-grade LCPs
Trade name
Manufacturer Grades
Specifications
RODRAN
Aromatic copolyester containing 60%
p-hydroxybenzoate, hydroxybenzoic acid,
and 40% poly(ethylene terephthalate)
a
Unitika
LC 3000
TS: 120 MPa
HDT <210
C
VECTRA
Aromatic copolyester containing 73 mol%
hydroxybenzoic acid and 27 mol%
hydroxynaphthoic acid
b
Tricona
VECTRA
®
A130
FM:
15000 MPa
TS: 210 MPa
HDT ~ 210–
260
C
Xydar
Aromatic polyester containing
copolymer of hydroxybenzoic acid,
terephthalic acid, and biphenol
c
Solvay
Xydar
®
G-930
TM:
15900 MPa
TS: 135 MPa
HDT ~ 271
C
Victrex SRP
Self-reinforcing polymer of poly ether ether
ketone type
a
ICI
Victrex SRP
1
TS: 230 MN
m
À2
HDT ~ 170
C
VECTRAN
High tenacity polyacrylate fiber
d
Celanese
VECTRAN
V200P
TM: 10.6 GPa
TS: 182 MPa
HDT ~ 187
C
Zenite
Aromatic polyester
e
Celanese
5145L
TM:
15000 MPa
TS: 115 MPa
HDT ~ 290
C
HDT, heat deflection temperature; TS, tensile strength; TM, tensile modulus; FM, flexural modulus
a High-temperature engineering thermoplastics (AA Collyer Elsevier)
b
https://www.materialdatacenter.com/ms/en/Vectra/Polyplastics+Co%252E+Ltd/VECTRA%C2%
AE+A130/e20777db/6297
c https://www.solvay.com/en/brands/xydar-lcp
d
https://www.fiber-line.com/uploads/pdf%20A4%20/fl.datasheet-vectranr-lcp.pdf
e https://www.campusplastics.com/campus/en/datasheet/ZENITE+5145L/Celanese/163/c36ab48c
18
S. Banerjee and K. K. Kar
center will be injected later and cannot reach to the flow front. This particular flow
leads to the development of highly oriented skin and non-oriented core. LCP sheets
formed by extrusion and melt drawing show high anisotropy between flow and
transverse directions as evidenced by the mechanical and physical properties (Ide
and Ophir 1983). In another study, the injection molding of thermotropic LCPs is
investigated to understand the state of orientation and dielectric constant of the
material (Sullivan et al. 2018). The material has exhibited a hierarchal structure
in LCP during processing due to the complex rheological and thermal conditions.
The injection-molded specimens are characterized by anisotropic morphology. The
molecular orientation in the molecules is further examined by WAXD (wide-angle
X-ray diffraction) study in transmission mode for a better understanding of the
structure and property relationship (Fig. 14). The dielectric constant measurement
is carried out along the normal and transverse directions. The minute examination
reveals that the LCPs exhibit single mode of orientation along the direction of the
Table 1 Properties of industrial-grade LCPs
Trade name
Manufacturer Grades
Specifications
RODRAN
Aromatic copolyester containing 60%
p-hydroxybenzoate, hydroxybenzoic acid,
and 40% poly(ethylene terephthalate)
a
Unitika
LC 3000
TS: 120 MPa
HDT <210
C
VECTRA
Aromatic copolyester containing 73 mol%
hydroxybenzoic acid and 27 mol%
hydroxynaphthoic acid
b
Tricona
VECTRA
®
A130
FM:
15000 MPa
TS: 210 MPa
HDT ~ 210–
260
C
Xydar
Aromatic polyester containing
copolymer of hydroxybenzoic acid,
terephthalic acid, and biphenol
c
Solvay
Xydar
®
G-930
TM:
15900 MPa
TS: 135 MPa
HDT ~ 271
C
Victrex SRP
Self-reinforcing polymer of poly ether ether
ketone type
a
ICI
Victrex SRP
1
TS: 230 MN
m
À2
HDT ~ 170
C
VECTRAN
High tenacity polyacrylate fiber
d
Celanese
VECTRAN
V200P
TM: 10.6 GPa
TS: 182 MPa
HDT ~ 187
C
Zenite
Aromatic polyester
e
Celanese
5145L
TM:
15000 MPa
TS: 115 MPa
HDT ~ 290
C
HDT, heat deflection temperature; TS, tensile strength; TM, tensile modulus; FM, flexural modulus
a High-temperature engineering thermoplastics (AA Collyer Elsevier)
b
https://www.materialdatacenter.com/ms/en/Vectra/Polyplastics+Co%252E+Ltd/VECTRA%C2%
AE+A130/e20777db/6297
c https://www.solvay.com/en/brands/xydar-lcp
d
https://www.fiber-line.com/uploads/pdf%20A4%20/fl.datasheet-vectranr-lcp.pdf
e https://www.campusplastics.com/campus/en/datasheet/ZENITE+5145L/Celanese/163/c36ab48c
18
S. Banerjee and K. K. Kar