269
F–U
Polyetherimides (PEI) 12, 14, 168, 234
Polyethylene (PE) 9, 12, 33, 48, 92, 153,
160, 168, 214
Polymer 3, 10, 12–14, 23, 26, 49, 54, 80,
81, 83–85, 87, 89–94, 96, 98, 101,
112, 143, 154, 155, 160, 167, 209,
234, 258
Polymer chains 22
Polymerization 93, 164, 209, 221
Polymer matrix composites (PMC) 3,
11, 13, 14, 243, 246
Polymethyl methacrylate 95
Polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) 161
Polypropylene 9, 12, 14, 15, 33, 92, 95,
141, 160, 164
Polyurethane 12, 36, 122
Polyurethane (PU) matrix 136
Post-cure 22
Preforms 195, 196, 217, 223, 225
Pre-impregnated 182, 194, 212
Prepregs 12, 13, 52, 137, 154, 170, 181,
182, 190, 194–197, 212, 214
Pressure 123
Pressure bag molding 214, 215
Pressure difference 86, 87, 95
Pressure vessels 32, 41, 53, 154, 189,
241, 255
Processability 3, 4, 6–8, 13, 92, 94, 104,
110, 124, 128, 132–135, 137, 146,
153–167, 169–171, 173–175,
180–201, 206–226, 260
– constant 74, 183
– factors 128
– process 99
Processable 218
Processing window 100, 103, 130,
134, 180
Product designs 6, 10, 32, 102, 103,
220, 230
Productivity 41
Propeller 50, 51
Pseudoplastic fluids 83
Pulse echo technique 251, 252
Pultrusion 41, 104, 132, 145, 217,
218, 225
R
Radar 3, 47
Radar transparent 38, 249
Radiography 250, 251
Radome 3, 38
Reactivity 8, 137, 162, 181, 260
Reflection loss 247–249
Reinforcements 2, 3, 8, 13, 14, 65, 97,
138, 140, 153, 155, 161, 168–170,
193–195, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213,
217, 219, 221–226, 236, 240, 250,
251, 260–262
Relaxation 86, 110, 261
Release agent 187
Release film 212, 214
Residual stresses 18, 32, 61, 86, 153,
168, 199, 200, 211, 219, 223, 250
Resin rich 105, 128, 199, 215, 223, 238
Resin starved 99, 105
Resin transfer molding (RTM) 206,
220, 222
Resistance 34
Reynolds number 81
Rheological model 89
Rovings 11, 18, 189, 217
Rule of mixture 69, 143
S
Sample preparation 230, 231, 237
Sandwich construction 209
Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3) 3
Satin weave (4 Harness and 8
Harness) 17
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 236
Score 246
Secondary bonding 259
Secondary bonds 82, 84
Second normal stress difference
(SNSD) 85
Service 40
Service temperature 22, 25, 32, 39,
66, 136
Set up 248
S-glass 44
Sharp corners 103
Shear forces 65, 69, 96, 120, 128, 244
Shear free flow 89
Shearography 255, 256
Shear strength 198, 222, 243
Shear thickening fluids 83
Sheet moulding compounds (SMCs) 47,
140, 188, 194, 210, 225
Shelf life 135, 147, 196, 197
Short fibre composites 65, 109, 194, 244
– short 68–70
Short fibres 100
Shrinkages 74, 75, 108, 109, 132–136,
165, 166, 246, 250
Silane 101, 120
Silane coupling agents 119, 121,
123, 141
Sizing 121, 139
Skin-core 121, 123
Skins 46, 47, 188, 225
Smart composites 146
Specific gravity 238
Specific strength 20, 30, 40
Sports 14, 37, 39, 52, 137, 214
Spray lay-up 184, 185
Staple 138
Stealth 37
Stiffness 10, 20, 30, 32, 72, 73, 199, 234,
239, 246, 255, 256
Strain energy 35
Strand 16, 217
Strength 3, 10, 30, 36, 61, 62, 64, 66, 69,
75, 121, 123, 139, 239, 241, 243, 246,
255, 261, 262
Stress 3, 34, 41, 65–68, 70, 71, 81, 86,
89, 109, 110, 112, 113, 143, 154, 234,
243, 245–247, 255, 262
Stress components 73
Stress decreases 82
Stress relaxation 261, 262
Structure property relationship 258,
262, 263
S twist 16
Surface treatments 8, 21, 97, 100, 101,
104, 198, 222
Synthetic fibres 11, 12, 174
T
Tape winding 41, 133, 139, 144, 181,
186, 190, 191
Temperature 40
Tensile modulus 30, 31, 154, 241
Tensile strength 30, 31, 60, 64, 67–69,
154, 155, 166–168, 191, 240, 241
Tex 16
Thermal behavior 21
Thermal characterisation 231
Thermal conductivity 38, 235
Thermal stability 8, 14, 20, 131, 137,
146, 147, 154, 173, 258, 262
Thermography 256
Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) 233
Thermoplastic filament 41
Thermoplastic resin 211–212
Thermoplastics 12, 14, 15, 32, 90–99,
103, 141, 143, 153, 154, 156–175,
187, 191, 194, 197, 206–212, 214,
215, 217–220, 225, 226, 231–236,
240, 246, 259–261
Thermoset 197
Thick section 103, 217, 237, 250, 252
Thin section 32, 103, 175, 252
Thixotropy 82
3D weaving 225
Tow 199, 201, 209, 223
Transmission losses 247–249
Transportation 48, 121
Turbulent flow 80
Twill weave 17
U
Ultra High Molecular Weight
Polyethylene (UHMWPE) 9, 12, 15,
100, 123, 138, 153, 169, 170
Ultrasonic testing 251, 252
Ultrasonic through transmission 239
Unsaturated polyester resins 14, 134, 186
UV resistance 25, 45, 131, 135, 139,
162, 170
Index
F–U
Polyetherimides (PEI) 12, 14, 168, 234
Polyethylene (PE) 9, 12, 33, 48, 92, 153,
160, 168, 214
Polymer 3, 10, 12–14, 23, 26, 49, 54, 80,
81, 83–85, 87, 89–94, 96, 98, 101,
112, 143, 154, 155, 160, 167, 209,
234, 258
Polymer chains 22
Polymerization 93, 164, 209, 221
Polymer matrix composites (PMC) 3,
11, 13, 14, 243, 246
Polymethyl methacrylate 95
Polyphenylene sulphide (PPS) 161
Polypropylene 9, 12, 14, 15, 33, 92, 95,
141, 160, 164
Polyurethane 12, 36, 122
Polyurethane (PU) matrix 136
Post-cure 22
Preforms 195, 196, 217, 223, 225
Pre-impregnated 182, 194, 212
Prepregs 12, 13, 52, 137, 154, 170, 181,
182, 190, 194–197, 212, 214
Pressure 123
Pressure bag molding 214, 215
Pressure difference 86, 87, 95
Pressure vessels 32, 41, 53, 154, 189,
241, 255
Processability 3, 4, 6–8, 13, 92, 94, 104,
110, 124, 128, 132–135, 137, 146,
153–167, 169–171, 173–175,
180–201, 206–226, 260
– constant 74, 183
– factors 128
– process 99
Processable 218
Processing window 100, 103, 130,
134, 180
Product designs 6, 10, 32, 102, 103,
220, 230
Productivity 41
Propeller 50, 51
Pseudoplastic fluids 83
Pulse echo technique 251, 252
Pultrusion 41, 104, 132, 145, 217,
218, 225
R
Radar 3, 47
Radar transparent 38, 249
Radiography 250, 251
Radome 3, 38
Reactivity 8, 137, 162, 181, 260
Reflection loss 247–249
Reinforcements 2, 3, 8, 13, 14, 65, 97,
138, 140, 153, 155, 161, 168–170,
193–195, 207, 208, 210, 211, 213,
217, 219, 221–226, 236, 240, 250,
251, 260–262
Relaxation 86, 110, 261
Release agent 187
Release film 212, 214
Residual stresses 18, 32, 61, 86, 153,
168, 199, 200, 211, 219, 223, 250
Resin rich 105, 128, 199, 215, 223, 238
Resin starved 99, 105
Resin transfer molding (RTM) 206,
220, 222
Resistance 34
Reynolds number 81
Rheological model 89
Rovings 11, 18, 189, 217
Rule of mixture 69, 143
S
Sample preparation 230, 231, 237
Sandwich construction 209
Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-3) 3
Satin weave (4 Harness and 8
Harness) 17
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) 236
Score 246
Secondary bonding 259
Secondary bonds 82, 84
Second normal stress difference
(SNSD) 85
Service 40
Service temperature 22, 25, 32, 39,
66, 136
Set up 248
S-glass 44
Sharp corners 103
Shear forces 65, 69, 96, 120, 128, 244
Shear free flow 89
Shearography 255, 256
Shear strength 198, 222, 243
Shear thickening fluids 83
Sheet moulding compounds (SMCs) 47,
140, 188, 194, 210, 225
Shelf life 135, 147, 196, 197
Short fibre composites 65, 109, 194, 244
– short 68–70
Short fibres 100
Shrinkages 74, 75, 108, 109, 132–136,
165, 166, 246, 250
Silane 101, 120
Silane coupling agents 119, 121,
123, 141
Sizing 121, 139
Skin-core 121, 123
Skins 46, 47, 188, 225
Smart composites 146
Specific gravity 238
Specific strength 20, 30, 40
Sports 14, 37, 39, 52, 137, 214
Spray lay-up 184, 185
Staple 138
Stealth 37
Stiffness 10, 20, 30, 32, 72, 73, 199, 234,
239, 246, 255, 256
Strain energy 35
Strand 16, 217
Strength 3, 10, 30, 36, 61, 62, 64, 66, 69,
75, 121, 123, 139, 239, 241, 243, 246,
255, 261, 262
Stress 3, 34, 41, 65–68, 70, 71, 81, 86,
89, 109, 110, 112, 113, 143, 154, 234,
243, 245–247, 255, 262
Stress components 73
Stress decreases 82
Stress relaxation 261, 262
Structure property relationship 258,
262, 263
S twist 16
Surface treatments 8, 21, 97, 100, 101,
104, 198, 222
Synthetic fibres 11, 12, 174
T
Tape winding 41, 133, 139, 144, 181,
186, 190, 191
Temperature 40
Tensile modulus 30, 31, 154, 241
Tensile strength 30, 31, 60, 64, 67–69,
154, 155, 166–168, 191, 240, 241
Tex 16
Thermal behavior 21
Thermal characterisation 231
Thermal conductivity 38, 235
Thermal stability 8, 14, 20, 131, 137,
146, 147, 154, 173, 258, 262
Thermography 256
Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) 233
Thermoplastic filament 41
Thermoplastic resin 211–212
Thermoplastics 12, 14, 15, 32, 90–99,
103, 141, 143, 153, 154, 156–175,
187, 191, 194, 197, 206–212, 214,
215, 217–220, 225, 226, 231–236,
240, 246, 259–261
Thermoset 197
Thick section 103, 217, 237, 250, 252
Thin section 32, 103, 175, 252
Thixotropy 82
3D weaving 225
Tow 199, 201, 209, 223
Transmission losses 247–249
Transportation 48, 121
Turbulent flow 80
Twill weave 17
U
Ultra High Molecular Weight
Polyethylene (UHMWPE) 9, 12, 15,
100, 123, 138, 153, 169, 170
Ultrasonic testing 251, 252
Ultrasonic through transmission 239
Unsaturated polyester resins 14, 134, 186
UV resistance 25, 45, 131, 135, 139,
162, 170
Index