268
Fiber direction 21, 30, 65, 91
Fiberglass 3, 217
Fiber orientation 15, 103, 199, 200, 223,
244, 250
Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) 3
Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) 3, 210
Filaments 11, 52, 60, 75, 133, 142, 187,
188, 201
Filament winding 10, 41, 52, 104, 133,
139, 144, 145, 170, 186–190, 195,
198, 200, 201, 222
Filament winding process 133
Fill/filled 13, 111, 113, 160, 163, 216
Fillers 2, 10, 15, 85, 92, 94, 96, 107, 123,
154, 155, 212, 217, 220, 221, 240
Film stacking 208, 209
Finish 102, 136, 137, 181, 184, 185, 206,
219, 220, 226, 251, 252
Finishes 220
Fire retardancy 38, 49
First normal stress difference (FNSD) 85
Flax fibres 31
Flexural modulus 241, 242, 263
Flexural strength 30, 241, 242, 263
Fractures 26, 52, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 240,
244, 245, 254
G
Gel coat 192, 219
Gel time 235
Gelation 105, 106, 128, 130, 134, 185,
193, 210, 235
Geodesic path 186, 188
Glass cloth 218
Glass fibres 3, 4, 9–12, 14, 23, 25, 33, 34,
38, 67, 94, 100, 101, 107, 119–121,
123, 124, 137, 139, 141, 160, 167,
170, 174, 184, 186, 207, 239, 240,
246, 262, 263
Glass transition temperature (Tg) 22,
24, 25, 33, 94, 136, 142, 162,
164–168, 198, 213, 222, 231, 232,
234, 258–260, 262
Graphite fibres 37, 38, 100, 123
Green composites 11, 124, 144, 172,
173, 218
H
Hand layup 4, 10, 52, 131, 138, 139,
181, 184, 186, 189, 206, 214, 215, 230
Hardener 129, 134, 136, 146, 184,
196, 219
Hardness 10, 119, 240
Healthcare 52
Heat distortion temperature
(HDT) 32, 39
Heat resistance 39
High melting fibres 12
Holography 257
Hulls 34, 50, 51, 193, 219
Hybrid 14, 38, 46, 209, 217
Hybrid structures 146
Hygrothermal behaviour 24
Hygrothermal stability 131, 139, 170
I
Impact strength 30, 121, 166, 168,
174, 244
Impregnates 197, 212
Incompatibility 13, 104
Initiator 134
Injection 133
Injection moulding 4, 41, 96, 104, 138,
154, 160, 162–165, 167, 168, 170,
206, 216, 217, 219, 226
Insitu moulding 39
Intelligent composites 46, 146–148
Interdiffusion 142, 171
Interfaces 2, 33, 60, 61, 66, 75, 91, 118,
153, 157–159, 239
Interlaminar 243, 251, 252
Interlaminar shear 243
Interphases 2, 8, 34, 60, 61, 75, 118,
119, 122, 123, 129, 138, 140, 143,
145, 153–155, 161, 169, 171, 174,
231, 240, 246, 258, 260, 261
Intimate contact 157, 206
Isotropy 3, 32, 225
K
Kevlar® fibres 100, 119, 141
L
Laminar flows 81
Laminas 44, 70, 73, 75, 146, 207, 208,
230, 243
Laminates 15, 19, 21, 75, 185, 191, 192,
198, 199, 207, 214, 215, 223, 226,
231, 237, 238, 243
Lay-up 15, 195, 214
Leaf springs 35, 36, 48
Leno selvage 18
Light combat aircraft (LCA) 50
Load transfer 65, 68, 118
Loss angle 248
Loss tangent 38, 247–250
Low melting fibre 12
M
Macromechanics 54
Mandrels 186, 187, 189
Marine 14, 50, 193
Mat 218
Matched die moulding 194, 206–211
Mechanical adhesion 141, 143
Melt flow index (MFI) 84, 160, 217
Meshes 123
Metal matrix composite (MMC) 13
Micromechanics 54, 255
Mill 34
Mock leno weave 17
Modulus 21, 73, 156, 234, 258
Modulus of fibre 70
Mould design 103, 118, 162, 216, 218
N
Natural fibres 11, 12, 31, 37, 124, 138,
139, 145, 154, 164, 169, 174, 175
Newtonian fluids 81, 85
Non conductive 37
Nondestructive testing (NDT) 240, 249,
251, 252, 255, 256
Non magnetic 37, 47
Non-Newtonian fluids 80, 81, 83
Normal stress 71, 85–86, 113
Novalacs 132, 137
Nylon 6 33, 160, 164, 258
Nylon 6,6 160, 164, 258
O
Open moulding 103, 181, 186, 193, 221
Orientation 91, 98, 101, 104, 143, 230,
236, 248
P
Particle interface 159
Particles 2, 10, 38, 94, 124, 138, 154,
155, 185, 198, 217, 218, 221, 223
Pay out 186
Pay out eye 189, 198, 222
Peel ply 141
Percolation 7, 8, 19, 91, 92, 98, 105, 129,
160, 163, 168, 197, 210, 235
Permeability 93, 258
Phenol formaldehyde 12, 13, 95, 135,
198, 222
Photometer 237
Pigmentation 39
Plain weave 16–18
Platens 211
Pliability 8, 34
Pludeman theory 119
Ply 16, 75, 91, 192, 201, 214, 255
Polar winding 186, 189
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) 160,
167, 260
Polycarbonate (PC) 12, 93, 95, 160, 165
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) 12, 14,
15, 38, 39, 153, 160, 161, 163, 167,
169, 173, 187, 197
Polyether imide (PEI) 168, 209
Polyether sulfone (PES) 209
Index
Fiber direction 21, 30, 65, 91
Fiberglass 3, 217
Fiber orientation 15, 103, 199, 200, 223,
244, 250
Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) 3
Fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) 3, 210
Filaments 11, 52, 60, 75, 133, 142, 187,
188, 201
Filament winding 10, 41, 52, 104, 133,
139, 144, 145, 170, 186–190, 195,
198, 200, 201, 222
Filament winding process 133
Fill/filled 13, 111, 113, 160, 163, 216
Fillers 2, 10, 15, 85, 92, 94, 96, 107, 123,
154, 155, 212, 217, 220, 221, 240
Film stacking 208, 209
Finish 102, 136, 137, 181, 184, 185, 206,
219, 220, 226, 251, 252
Finishes 220
Fire retardancy 38, 49
First normal stress difference (FNSD) 85
Flax fibres 31
Flexural modulus 241, 242, 263
Flexural strength 30, 241, 242, 263
Fractures 26, 52, 63, 64, 66, 67, 69, 240,
244, 245, 254
G
Gel coat 192, 219
Gel time 235
Gelation 105, 106, 128, 130, 134, 185,
193, 210, 235
Geodesic path 186, 188
Glass cloth 218
Glass fibres 3, 4, 9–12, 14, 23, 25, 33, 34,
38, 67, 94, 100, 101, 107, 119–121,
123, 124, 137, 139, 141, 160, 167,
170, 174, 184, 186, 207, 239, 240,
246, 262, 263
Glass transition temperature (Tg) 22,
24, 25, 33, 94, 136, 142, 162,
164–168, 198, 213, 222, 231, 232,
234, 258–260, 262
Graphite fibres 37, 38, 100, 123
Green composites 11, 124, 144, 172,
173, 218
H
Hand layup 4, 10, 52, 131, 138, 139,
181, 184, 186, 189, 206, 214, 215, 230
Hardener 129, 134, 136, 146, 184,
196, 219
Hardness 10, 119, 240
Healthcare 52
Heat distortion temperature
(HDT) 32, 39
Heat resistance 39
High melting fibres 12
Holography 257
Hulls 34, 50, 51, 193, 219
Hybrid 14, 38, 46, 209, 217
Hybrid structures 146
Hygrothermal behaviour 24
Hygrothermal stability 131, 139, 170
I
Impact strength 30, 121, 166, 168,
174, 244
Impregnates 197, 212
Incompatibility 13, 104
Initiator 134
Injection 133
Injection moulding 4, 41, 96, 104, 138,
154, 160, 162–165, 167, 168, 170,
206, 216, 217, 219, 226
Insitu moulding 39
Intelligent composites 46, 146–148
Interdiffusion 142, 171
Interfaces 2, 33, 60, 61, 66, 75, 91, 118,
153, 157–159, 239
Interlaminar 243, 251, 252
Interlaminar shear 243
Interphases 2, 8, 34, 60, 61, 75, 118,
119, 122, 123, 129, 138, 140, 143,
145, 153–155, 161, 169, 171, 174,
231, 240, 246, 258, 260, 261
Intimate contact 157, 206
Isotropy 3, 32, 225
K
Kevlar® fibres 100, 119, 141
L
Laminar flows 81
Laminas 44, 70, 73, 75, 146, 207, 208,
230, 243
Laminates 15, 19, 21, 75, 185, 191, 192,
198, 199, 207, 214, 215, 223, 226,
231, 237, 238, 243
Lay-up 15, 195, 214
Leaf springs 35, 36, 48
Leno selvage 18
Light combat aircraft (LCA) 50
Load transfer 65, 68, 118
Loss angle 248
Loss tangent 38, 247–250
Low melting fibre 12
M
Macromechanics 54
Mandrels 186, 187, 189
Marine 14, 50, 193
Mat 218
Matched die moulding 194, 206–211
Mechanical adhesion 141, 143
Melt flow index (MFI) 84, 160, 217
Meshes 123
Metal matrix composite (MMC) 13
Micromechanics 54, 255
Mill 34
Mock leno weave 17
Modulus 21, 73, 156, 234, 258
Modulus of fibre 70
Mould design 103, 118, 162, 216, 218
N
Natural fibres 11, 12, 31, 37, 124, 138,
139, 145, 154, 164, 169, 174, 175
Newtonian fluids 81, 85
Non conductive 37
Nondestructive testing (NDT) 240, 249,
251, 252, 255, 256
Non magnetic 37, 47
Non-Newtonian fluids 80, 81, 83
Normal stress 71, 85–86, 113
Novalacs 132, 137
Nylon 6 33, 160, 164, 258
Nylon 6,6 160, 164, 258
O
Open moulding 103, 181, 186, 193, 221
Orientation 91, 98, 101, 104, 143, 230,
236, 248
P
Particle interface 159
Particles 2, 10, 38, 94, 124, 138, 154,
155, 185, 198, 217, 218, 221, 223
Pay out 186
Pay out eye 189, 198, 222
Peel ply 141
Percolation 7, 8, 19, 91, 92, 98, 105, 129,
160, 163, 168, 197, 210, 235
Permeability 93, 258
Phenol formaldehyde 12, 13, 95, 135,
198, 222
Photometer 237
Pigmentation 39
Plain weave 16–18
Platens 211
Pliability 8, 34
Pludeman theory 119
Ply 16, 75, 91, 192, 201, 214, 255
Polar winding 186, 189
Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) 160,
167, 260
Polycarbonate (PC) 12, 93, 95, 160, 165
Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) 12, 14,
15, 38, 39, 153, 160, 161, 163, 167,
169, 173, 187, 197
Polyether imide (PEI) 168, 209
Polyether sulfone (PES) 209
Index