Topics in Current Chemistry (2018) 376:42
1 3
80. King RL, Botte GG (2011) Investigation of multi-metal catalysts for stable hydrogen production via urea electrolysis. J Power Sources 196(22):9579–9584. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows
our.2011.06.079
81. Miller AT, Hassler BL, Botte GG (2012) Rhodium electrodeposition on nickel electrodes used for
urea electrolysis. J Appl Electrochem 42(11):925–934. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1080 0-012-0478-1
82. Yan W, Wang D, Botte GG (2015) Template-assisted synthesis of Ni–Co bimetallic nanowires for
urea electrocatalytic oxidation. J Appl Electrochem 45(11):1217–1222. https ://doi.org/10.1007/
s1080 0-015-0846-8
83. Yan W, Wang D, Botte GG (2012) Electrochemical decomposition of urea with Ni-based catalysts.
Appl Catal B 127:221–226. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcat b.2012.08.022
84. Wu M-S, Jao C-Y, Chuang F-Y, Chen F-Y (2017) Carbon-encapsulated nickel-iron nanoparticles
supported on nickel foam as a catalyst electrode for urea electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 227:210–
216. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2017.01.035
85. Barakat NAM, El-Newehy MH, Yasin AS, Ghouri ZK, Al-Deyab SS (2016) Ni&Mn nanoparticles-decorated carbon nanofibers as effective electrocatalyst for urea oxidation. Appl Catal A
510:180–188. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcat a.2015.11.015
86. Singh RK, Schechter A (2017) Electroactivity of NiCr catalysts for urea oxidation in alkaline electrolyte. ChemCatChem 9(17):3374–3379. https ://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.20170 0451
87. Shi W, Ding R, Li X, Xu Q, Liu E (2017) Enhanced performance and electrocatalytic kinetics
of Ni-Mo/graphene nanocatalysts towards alkaline urea oxidation reaction. Electrochim Acta
242:247–259. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2017.05.002
88. Liang Y, Liu Q, Asiri AM, Sun X (2015) Enhanced electrooxidation of urea using NiMoO 4 ·xH 2 O
nanosheet arrays on Ni foam as anode. Electrochim Acta 153:456–460. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.
elect acta.2014.11.193
89. Shukla AKKY, Munichandraiah N (1994) Stabilized α-Ni(OH) 2 as electrode material for alkaline
secondary cells. J Electrochem Soc 141:2956–2959. https ://doi.org/10.1149/1.20592 64
90. Zhu X, Dou X, Dai J, An X, Guo Y, Zhang L, Tao S, Zhao J, Chu W, Zeng XC, Wu C, Xie Y
(2016) Metallic nickel hydroxide nanosheets give superior electrocatalytic oxidation of urea for
fuel cells. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(40):12465–12469. https ://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20160 6313
91. Wang D, Yan W, Botte GG (2011) Exfoliated nickel hydroxide nanosheets for urea electrolysis.
Electrochem Commun 13(10):1135–1138. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.eleco m.2011.07.016
92. Wang D, Yan W, Vijapur SH, Botte GG (2012) Enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of urea based
on nickel hydroxide nanoribbons. J Power Sources 217:498–502. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows
our.2012.06.029
93. Ji R-Y, Chan D-S, Jow J-J, Wu M-S (2013) Formation of open-ended nickel hydroxide nanotubes
on three-dimensional nickel framework for enhanced urea electrolysis. Electrochem Commun
29:21–24. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.eleco m.2013.01.006
94. Wu M-S, Ji R-Y, Zheng Y-R (2014) Nickel hydroxide electrode with a monolayer of nanocup
arrays as an effective electrocatalyst for enhanced electrolysis of urea. Electrochim Acta 144:194–
199. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2014.08.098
95. Ye K, Zhang H, Zhao L, Huang X, Cheng K, Wang G, Cao D (2016) Facile preparation of threedimensional Ni(OH) 2 /Ni foam anode with low cost and its application in a direct urea fuel cell.
New J Chem 40(10):8673–8680. https ://doi.org/10.1039/c6nj0 1648k
96. Yan W, Wang D, Botte GG (2012) Nickel and cobalt bimetallic hydroxide catalysts for urea electro-oxidation. Electrochim Acta 61:25–30. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2011.11.044
97. Xu W, Du D, Lan R, Humphreys J, Wu Z, Tao S (2017) Highly active Ni–Fe double hydroxides as anode catalysts for electrooxidation of urea. New J Chem 41(10):4190–4196. https ://doi.
org/10.1039/c6nj0 4060h
98. Wu M-S, Lin G-W, Yang R-S (2014) Hydrothermal growth of vertically-aligned ordered
mesoporous nickel oxide nanosheets on three-dimensional nickel framework for electrocatalytic
oxidation of urea in alkaline medium. J Power Sources 272:711–718. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jpows our.2014.09.009
99. Yue Z, Zhu W, Li Y, Wei Z, Hu N, Suo Y, Wang J (2018) Surface engineering of a nickel oxidenickel hybrid nanoarray as a versatile catalyst for both superior water and urea oxidation. Inorg
Chem 57(8):4693–4698. https ://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorg chem.8b004 11
100. Das G, Tesfaye RM, Won Y, Yoon HH (2017) NiO–Fe 2 O 3 based graphene aerogel as urea
electrooxidation catalyst. Electrochim Acta 237:171–176. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect
acta.2017.03.197
Reprinted from the journal
76
1 3
80. King RL, Botte GG (2011) Investigation of multi-metal catalysts for stable hydrogen production via urea electrolysis. J Power Sources 196(22):9579–9584. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows
our.2011.06.079
81. Miller AT, Hassler BL, Botte GG (2012) Rhodium electrodeposition on nickel electrodes used for
urea electrolysis. J Appl Electrochem 42(11):925–934. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1080 0-012-0478-1
82. Yan W, Wang D, Botte GG (2015) Template-assisted synthesis of Ni–Co bimetallic nanowires for
urea electrocatalytic oxidation. J Appl Electrochem 45(11):1217–1222. https ://doi.org/10.1007/
s1080 0-015-0846-8
83. Yan W, Wang D, Botte GG (2012) Electrochemical decomposition of urea with Ni-based catalysts.
Appl Catal B 127:221–226. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcat b.2012.08.022
84. Wu M-S, Jao C-Y, Chuang F-Y, Chen F-Y (2017) Carbon-encapsulated nickel-iron nanoparticles
supported on nickel foam as a catalyst electrode for urea electrolysis. Electrochim Acta 227:210–
216. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2017.01.035
85. Barakat NAM, El-Newehy MH, Yasin AS, Ghouri ZK, Al-Deyab SS (2016) Ni&Mn nanoparticles-decorated carbon nanofibers as effective electrocatalyst for urea oxidation. Appl Catal A
510:180–188. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcat a.2015.11.015
86. Singh RK, Schechter A (2017) Electroactivity of NiCr catalysts for urea oxidation in alkaline electrolyte. ChemCatChem 9(17):3374–3379. https ://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.20170 0451
87. Shi W, Ding R, Li X, Xu Q, Liu E (2017) Enhanced performance and electrocatalytic kinetics
of Ni-Mo/graphene nanocatalysts towards alkaline urea oxidation reaction. Electrochim Acta
242:247–259. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2017.05.002
88. Liang Y, Liu Q, Asiri AM, Sun X (2015) Enhanced electrooxidation of urea using NiMoO 4 ·xH 2 O
nanosheet arrays on Ni foam as anode. Electrochim Acta 153:456–460. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.
elect acta.2014.11.193
89. Shukla AKKY, Munichandraiah N (1994) Stabilized α-Ni(OH) 2 as electrode material for alkaline
secondary cells. J Electrochem Soc 141:2956–2959. https ://doi.org/10.1149/1.20592 64
90. Zhu X, Dou X, Dai J, An X, Guo Y, Zhang L, Tao S, Zhao J, Chu W, Zeng XC, Wu C, Xie Y
(2016) Metallic nickel hydroxide nanosheets give superior electrocatalytic oxidation of urea for
fuel cells. Angew Chem Int Ed 55(40):12465–12469. https ://doi.org/10.1002/anie.20160 6313
91. Wang D, Yan W, Botte GG (2011) Exfoliated nickel hydroxide nanosheets for urea electrolysis.
Electrochem Commun 13(10):1135–1138. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.eleco m.2011.07.016
92. Wang D, Yan W, Vijapur SH, Botte GG (2012) Enhanced electrocatalytic oxidation of urea based
on nickel hydroxide nanoribbons. J Power Sources 217:498–502. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpows
our.2012.06.029
93. Ji R-Y, Chan D-S, Jow J-J, Wu M-S (2013) Formation of open-ended nickel hydroxide nanotubes
on three-dimensional nickel framework for enhanced urea electrolysis. Electrochem Commun
29:21–24. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.eleco m.2013.01.006
94. Wu M-S, Ji R-Y, Zheng Y-R (2014) Nickel hydroxide electrode with a monolayer of nanocup
arrays as an effective electrocatalyst for enhanced electrolysis of urea. Electrochim Acta 144:194–
199. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2014.08.098
95. Ye K, Zhang H, Zhao L, Huang X, Cheng K, Wang G, Cao D (2016) Facile preparation of threedimensional Ni(OH) 2 /Ni foam anode with low cost and its application in a direct urea fuel cell.
New J Chem 40(10):8673–8680. https ://doi.org/10.1039/c6nj0 1648k
96. Yan W, Wang D, Botte GG (2012) Nickel and cobalt bimetallic hydroxide catalysts for urea electro-oxidation. Electrochim Acta 61:25–30. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect acta.2011.11.044
97. Xu W, Du D, Lan R, Humphreys J, Wu Z, Tao S (2017) Highly active Ni–Fe double hydroxides as anode catalysts for electrooxidation of urea. New J Chem 41(10):4190–4196. https ://doi.
org/10.1039/c6nj0 4060h
98. Wu M-S, Lin G-W, Yang R-S (2014) Hydrothermal growth of vertically-aligned ordered
mesoporous nickel oxide nanosheets on three-dimensional nickel framework for electrocatalytic
oxidation of urea in alkaline medium. J Power Sources 272:711–718. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.
jpows our.2014.09.009
99. Yue Z, Zhu W, Li Y, Wei Z, Hu N, Suo Y, Wang J (2018) Surface engineering of a nickel oxidenickel hybrid nanoarray as a versatile catalyst for both superior water and urea oxidation. Inorg
Chem 57(8):4693–4698. https ://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorg chem.8b004 11
100. Das G, Tesfaye RM, Won Y, Yoon HH (2017) NiO–Fe 2 O 3 based graphene aerogel as urea
electrooxidation catalyst. Electrochim Acta 237:171–176. https ://doi.org/10.1016/j.elect
acta.2017.03.197
Reprinted from the journal
76