Topics in Current Chemistry (2018) 376:41
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Table 3
Bimetallic electrocatalysts for CO
2 reduction to formate
Catalysts
Electrolyte
Selectivity @ potential
Partial current density @ potential
References
Ag–Sn core/shell NPs
0.5 M
NaHCO
3
HCOOH: 87.2%, @− 0.9 V
HCOOH: 25.4 mA/cm
2
, @− 1.08 V
[64]
Cu–Ni
0.05 M
NaHCO
3
CH
3 OH: 7% @− 0.52 V, HCOOH:20% @−
1.12 V
CH
3 OH: 8μA/cm
2
@− 0.52 V, HCOOH:
0.28 mA/cm
2
@− 1.12 V
[40]
Cu–Sn
0.05 M NaHCO
3
HCOOH: 57% @− 1.02 V,
HCOOH: 1.43 mA/cm
2
@− 1.02 V,
[40]
Cu–Pb
0.05 M NaHCO
3
HCOOH: 50% @− 0.72 V
HCOOH: 1.45 mA/cm
2
− 0.72 V
[40]
Pd/Pt/C
1 M
KHCO
3
HCOOH: 75% @− 0.3 V
HCOOH: 30 mA/cm
2
− 0.3 V
[65]
CuAg (40%Cu)
0.05 M Cs
2 CO
3
C
2 H
5 OH: 13%, Acetaldehyde: 6.8%, Acetate:
6.3%, @− 1.05 V
C
2 H
5 OH: 1.02 mA/cm
2
, Acetaldehyde: 0.53 mA/
cm
2
, Acetate: 0.49 mA/cm
2
, − 1.05 V
[49]
Pd
70 Pt
30
0.1 M K
2 HPO
4 /0.1 KH
2 PO
4 HCOOH: 91.8% @− 0.4 V
HCOOH: 5 mA/cm
2
− 0.4 V
[66]
Sn
56.3 Pb
43.7
0.5 M KHCO
3
HCOOH: 79.8% @− 1.37 V
HCOOH: 45.7 mA/cm
2
− 1.37 V
[67]
PdSn/C
0.5 M KHCO
3
CH
3 OH: > 99% @− 0.43 V
CH
3 OH: 2 mA/cm
2
− 0.43 V
[68]
Ru–Rd
0.5 M
KHCO
3
HCOOH: 88% @− 0.7 V
HCOOH: 70 mA/cm
2
− 0.7 V
[69]
Ag–Cu (phase-blended) 0.1 M KHCO
3
C
2 H
5 OH: 34%; HCOOH: 11%; @− 1.2 V
C
2 H
5 OH: 0.68 mA/cm
2
; HCOOH: 0.22 mA/
cm
2
; − 1.2 V
[70]
Au
3 Cd
0.1 M KHCO
3
HCOOH: 36%; @− 0.3 V
HCOOH: 0.01 mA/cm
2
; − 0.3 V
[71]
Au
0.20 Pd
0.80
0.1 M KHCO
3
HCOOH: 10%; @− 0.87 V
HCOOH: 0.12 mA/cm
2
; − 0.87 V
[72]
Cu
4 Zn
0.1 M KHCO
3
C
2 H
5 OH: 29.1%; @− 1.05 V
C
2 H
5 OH: 8.2 mA/cm
2
; − 1.05 V
[73]
Pd
83 Cu
17
25% [Bmim]BF4 : 75%
water mixture (mol:mol)
CH
3 OH:80%; @− 2.1 V vs Ag/AgCl
CH
3 OH: 31.8 mA/cm
2
; − 2.1 V vs Ag/AgCl
[74]
Pd/SnO
2
0.1 M NaHCO
3
CH
3 OH: 54% @− 0.24 V
CH
3 OH:2.5 mA/cm
2
; − 0.24 V
[75]
Bi–Sn
0.5 M
KHCO
3
HCOOH:96% @− 1.1 V
HCOOH: 19.8 mA/cm2− 1.1 V
[76]
Reprinted from the journal
116