11 Summary
This review highlights some of the advances in metal nanoparticle technology that
have been made of late. Clearly, several of both the precious and base types of metals
show considerable promise for inclusion into various NP formations, whether as
their derived clusters or embedded on a solid support. Examples of mixed metal NPs
are particularly exciting, as new synergistic activities have been uncovered leading
to NP catalysts that show enhanced activities, suggestive of many more discoveries
to come along these lines. Several reaction parameters addressed by the examples
discussed herein, such as use of alternative reaction media (e.g., water, ILs, etc.),
minimization of precious metals (e.g., platinoids), and attention to residual metals in
products formed, all point to the potential for these catalysts to provide solutions to
modern-day needs in catalysis. Indeed, based on these studies, the lines between
homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis have already begun to blur. And when
considered together with environmental considerations taken into account in many
of these reports, the future for NP technologies is not only very bright, but may figure
prominently from the sustainability perspective of organic synthesis.
References
1. Liu L, Corma A (2018) Metal catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis: from single atoms
to nanoclusters and nanoparticles. Chem Rev 118:4981–5079. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.
chemrev.7b00776
2. Phan NTS, van der Sluys M, Jones CW (2006) On the nature of the active species in palladium
catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura couplings – homogeneous or heterogeneous
catalysis, a critical review. Adv Synth Catal 348:609–679. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.
200505473
3. Zhang D, Wang Q (2015) Palladium catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions to axially chiral biaryl compounds: chiral ligands and recent advances. Coord Chem Rev
286:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2014.11.011
4. Lennox AJJ, Lloyd-Jones GC (2014) Selection of boron reagents for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. Chem Soc Rev 43:412–443. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60197H
5. Beletskaya IP, Cheprakov AV (2000) The heck reaction as a sharpening stone of palladium
catalysis. Chem Rev 100:3009–3066. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9903048
6. Rodríguez N, Goossen LJ (2011) Decarboxylative coupling reactions: a modern strategy for
C–C-bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 40:5030–5048. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15093F
7. Littke AF, Fu GC (2002) Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl chlorides. Angew
Chem Int Ed 41:4176–4211. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20021115)41:22<4176::
AID-ANIE4176>3.0.CO;2-U
8. Trzeciak AM, Augustyniak AW (2019) The role of palladium nanoparticles in catalytic C–C
cross-coupling reactions. Coord Chem Rev 384:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2019.01.008
9. Wu X-F, Neumann H, Beller M (2013) Synthesis of heterocycles via palladium-catalyzed
carbonylations. Chem Rev 113:1–35. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300100s
10. Gautam P, Bhanage BM (2015) Recent advances in the transition metal catalyzed carbonylation of alkynes, arenes and aryl halides using CO surrogates. Cat Sci Technol 5:4663–4702.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CY00691K
122
M. Cortes-Clerget et al.
This review highlights some of the advances in metal nanoparticle technology that
have been made of late. Clearly, several of both the precious and base types of metals
show considerable promise for inclusion into various NP formations, whether as
their derived clusters or embedded on a solid support. Examples of mixed metal NPs
are particularly exciting, as new synergistic activities have been uncovered leading
to NP catalysts that show enhanced activities, suggestive of many more discoveries
to come along these lines. Several reaction parameters addressed by the examples
discussed herein, such as use of alternative reaction media (e.g., water, ILs, etc.),
minimization of precious metals (e.g., platinoids), and attention to residual metals in
products formed, all point to the potential for these catalysts to provide solutions to
modern-day needs in catalysis. Indeed, based on these studies, the lines between
homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis have already begun to blur. And when
considered together with environmental considerations taken into account in many
of these reports, the future for NP technologies is not only very bright, but may figure
prominently from the sustainability perspective of organic synthesis.
References
1. Liu L, Corma A (2018) Metal catalysts for heterogeneous catalysis: from single atoms
to nanoclusters and nanoparticles. Chem Rev 118:4981–5079. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.
chemrev.7b00776
2. Phan NTS, van der Sluys M, Jones CW (2006) On the nature of the active species in palladium
catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck and Suzuki–Miyaura couplings – homogeneous or heterogeneous
catalysis, a critical review. Adv Synth Catal 348:609–679. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.
200505473
3. Zhang D, Wang Q (2015) Palladium catalyzed asymmetric Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions to axially chiral biaryl compounds: chiral ligands and recent advances. Coord Chem Rev
286:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2014.11.011
4. Lennox AJJ, Lloyd-Jones GC (2014) Selection of boron reagents for Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. Chem Soc Rev 43:412–443. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60197H
5. Beletskaya IP, Cheprakov AV (2000) The heck reaction as a sharpening stone of palladium
catalysis. Chem Rev 100:3009–3066. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9903048
6. Rodríguez N, Goossen LJ (2011) Decarboxylative coupling reactions: a modern strategy for
C–C-bond formation. Chem Soc Rev 40:5030–5048. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1CS15093F
7. Littke AF, Fu GC (2002) Palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions of aryl chlorides. Angew
Chem Int Ed 41:4176–4211. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-3773(20021115)41:22<4176::
AID-ANIE4176>3.0.CO;2-U
8. Trzeciak AM, Augustyniak AW (2019) The role of palladium nanoparticles in catalytic C–C
cross-coupling reactions. Coord Chem Rev 384:1–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2019.01.008
9. Wu X-F, Neumann H, Beller M (2013) Synthesis of heterocycles via palladium-catalyzed
carbonylations. Chem Rev 113:1–35. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr300100s
10. Gautam P, Bhanage BM (2015) Recent advances in the transition metal catalyzed carbonylation of alkynes, arenes and aryl halides using CO surrogates. Cat Sci Technol 5:4663–4702.
https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CY00691K
122
M. Cortes-Clerget et al.