4 Treatment Technologies of Fresh Market Wastewater
71
Table 4.4 The differences
before and after preliminary
treatment by effective
microorganisms
Parameter
Before
After
pH
8.96
8.26
DO (mg/L)
7.74
7.71
BOD 5 (mg/L)
549
182
COD (mg/L)
1328
1074
TSS (mg/L)
466.67
200.00
NH 3 −N (mg/L)
0.07
0.01
Table 4.4 shows the data collected during preliminary treatment by effective
microorganisms. There are no significant changes in DO using effective microorganisms. However, the effective microorganisms are successful to reduce BOD 5 with
66.8 %, COD with 19.1 %, TSS with 57.1 and 85.71 % reduction for NH 3 −N. Hence,
this preliminary treatment is good to protect membrane for filtration in treatment
plant.
Jais et al. (2015) used phycoremediation by microalgae to treat fresh market from
Parit Raja Public Market, Batu Pahat. Microalgae are widely used as a medium to
treat wastewater such as municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater and animal
wastewater. However, the lacking relevant information about wet market wastewater
treatment using microalgae led to this study. 10 L of wastewater was collected around
9 am. The characteristics of wastewater such as turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS, TN, Total
Phosphorus (TP), O&G, Zn and Fe were collected. Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. were
chosen as a phycoremediate agent to treat wastewater. The culturing of microalgae
was done using Bolts Basal Medium (BBM). To get the optimum concentration
of microalgae to phycoremediate wastewater, five sets of wastewater samples were
prepared with adding different microalgae Scenedesmus sp. concentration (6.50 ×
10
5 , 49.88 × 10
4 , 34.75 × 10
4 , 19.63 × 10
4 and 4.50 × 10
4 cell/ml). Nutrients
and elements amount were measured on zeroth, second, fourth, sixth and eighth day
for each sample. The efficiency removal in percentage was used to determine the
efficiency of phycoremediation process.
The fresh market wastewater characteristics at Parit Raja Public Market are turbidity (66.0 ± 8.9 NTU), BOD (89 ± 3.61 mg/L), COD (456 ± 8.19 mg/L), TSS
(132.3 ± 1.7 mg/L), TN (36.9 ± 0.5 mg/L), TP (1.61 ± 0.13 mg/L), oil and grease
(5.22 ± 0.07 mg/L), Zn (0.312 ± 0.0021 mg/L) and Fe (1.071 ± 0.0010 mg/L).
Microalgae are known as sequester elements due to their ability to remove elements
in wastewater by absorbing the elements for their growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus
are primary concern to remove by phycoremediation in these wastewater samples.
Highest efficiency removal of nutrients and elements by different initial microalgae concentrations are as in Table 4.5. 6.50 × 10
5 cell/mL of microalgae absorbed
maximum amount of TN by eliminating 74.77 % from wastewater while the TP
was reduced up to 82.17 % removal by initial concentration, 34.75 × 10
4 cell/mL of
microalgae. 49.88 × 10
4 cell/mL of microalgae can remove 65.76 % of Fe while 6.50
× 10
5 cell/mL removed 84.14 % of Zn. As conclusion, the microalgae Scenedesmus
sp. have good ability to remove nutrients and elements within 8 days experiment,
and concentration 49.88 × 104 cell/ml of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. was chosen
71
Table 4.4 The differences
before and after preliminary
treatment by effective
microorganisms
Parameter
Before
After
pH
8.96
8.26
DO (mg/L)
7.74
7.71
BOD 5 (mg/L)
549
182
COD (mg/L)
1328
1074
TSS (mg/L)
466.67
200.00
NH 3 −N (mg/L)
0.07
0.01
Table 4.4 shows the data collected during preliminary treatment by effective
microorganisms. There are no significant changes in DO using effective microorganisms. However, the effective microorganisms are successful to reduce BOD 5 with
66.8 %, COD with 19.1 %, TSS with 57.1 and 85.71 % reduction for NH 3 −N. Hence,
this preliminary treatment is good to protect membrane for filtration in treatment
plant.
Jais et al. (2015) used phycoremediation by microalgae to treat fresh market from
Parit Raja Public Market, Batu Pahat. Microalgae are widely used as a medium to
treat wastewater such as municipal wastewater, industrial wastewater and animal
wastewater. However, the lacking relevant information about wet market wastewater
treatment using microalgae led to this study. 10 L of wastewater was collected around
9 am. The characteristics of wastewater such as turbidity, BOD, COD, TSS, TN, Total
Phosphorus (TP), O&G, Zn and Fe were collected. Microalgae Scenedesmus sp. were
chosen as a phycoremediate agent to treat wastewater. The culturing of microalgae
was done using Bolts Basal Medium (BBM). To get the optimum concentration
of microalgae to phycoremediate wastewater, five sets of wastewater samples were
prepared with adding different microalgae Scenedesmus sp. concentration (6.50 ×
10
5 , 49.88 × 10
4 , 34.75 × 10
4 , 19.63 × 10
4 and 4.50 × 10
4 cell/ml). Nutrients
and elements amount were measured on zeroth, second, fourth, sixth and eighth day
for each sample. The efficiency removal in percentage was used to determine the
efficiency of phycoremediation process.
The fresh market wastewater characteristics at Parit Raja Public Market are turbidity (66.0 ± 8.9 NTU), BOD (89 ± 3.61 mg/L), COD (456 ± 8.19 mg/L), TSS
(132.3 ± 1.7 mg/L), TN (36.9 ± 0.5 mg/L), TP (1.61 ± 0.13 mg/L), oil and grease
(5.22 ± 0.07 mg/L), Zn (0.312 ± 0.0021 mg/L) and Fe (1.071 ± 0.0010 mg/L).
Microalgae are known as sequester elements due to their ability to remove elements
in wastewater by absorbing the elements for their growth. Nitrogen and phosphorus
are primary concern to remove by phycoremediation in these wastewater samples.
Highest efficiency removal of nutrients and elements by different initial microalgae concentrations are as in Table 4.5. 6.50 × 10
5 cell/mL of microalgae absorbed
maximum amount of TN by eliminating 74.77 % from wastewater while the TP
was reduced up to 82.17 % removal by initial concentration, 34.75 × 10
4 cell/mL of
microalgae. 49.88 × 10
4 cell/mL of microalgae can remove 65.76 % of Fe while 6.50
× 10
5 cell/mL removed 84.14 % of Zn. As conclusion, the microalgae Scenedesmus
sp. have good ability to remove nutrients and elements within 8 days experiment,
and concentration 49.88 × 104 cell/ml of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. was chosen