4 Treatment Technologies of Fresh Market Wastewater
61
Table 4.1 Compounds in fresh market wastewater (Zulkifli et al. 2012; Jais et al. 2015)
Parameter
Ampangan
public market
Seremban
public
market
Seremban
Jaya public
market
Rasah
Jaya
public
market
Parit Raja
public market
TSS (mg/L)
60–122
192–544
250
900
132.3 ± 1.7
Turbidity
(NTU)
ND
ND
ND
ND
66.0 ± 8.9
BOD (mg/L) 71–122
137–295
68
153
89 ± 3.61
COD (mg/L) 381–560
656–1440
397
763
456 ± 8.19
O&G
13–43
40–72
28
10
5.22 ± 0.07
TN (mg/L)
30.3–37.3
55.2–72.9
41.6
61.1
36.9 ± 0.5
PO 4 (mg/L)
22.2
2.2–39.6
27.7
44.5
1.61 ± 0.13
Zn (mg/L)
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.312 ± 0.0021
Fe (mg/L)
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.071 ± 0.0010
a ND is not determined
the permissible standard (20–50 mg/L and 50–100 mg/L, respectively). Moreover,
the O&G is available in the range of 5.2–72 mg/L. The Total Nitrogen (TN) was
in the range of 36.9–72.9 mg/L while phosphate (PO 4 ) was ranged from 1.61 to
44.5 mg/L.
4.3 Technical Factors Influencing Designation
of the Treatment System
The factors which need to be considered to design and implement the treatment
systems for FMWW include fresh market wastewater content, volume, space area
availability, compliance with the environmental standards and regulation on the country as well as compliance with engineering standards for design and construction.
The fresh market wastewater usually contains solid wastes and liquid wastes as well
as O&G. Therefore, the pretreatment is needed for separating the solids particles
and wastewater (Shahbuddin et al. 2018). Fresh market produces huge amount of
wastewater quantities since the daily operation of fresh market. Some of fresh markets operating half-day from early morning to afternoon (7 am to 1 pm), while some
from early morning to evening (7 am to 6 pm). The estimation of wastewater volume
produced per stall per day is 30 litres. The designation of treatment system needs to be
sized according to the expected volume of wastewater. The retention time also needs
to be considered to ensure the process of wastewater treatment works effectively
(Jais et al. 2016). The space area around the fresh market is needed to implement
the treatment system. The dimensions of the structure must be suited to the available space (Karia and Christian 2006). Moreover, the effluent or sludge quality must
61
Table 4.1 Compounds in fresh market wastewater (Zulkifli et al. 2012; Jais et al. 2015)
Parameter
Ampangan
public market
Seremban
public
market
Seremban
Jaya public
market
Rasah
Jaya
public
market
Parit Raja
public market
TSS (mg/L)
60–122
192–544
250
900
132.3 ± 1.7
Turbidity
(NTU)
ND
ND
ND
ND
66.0 ± 8.9
BOD (mg/L) 71–122
137–295
68
153
89 ± 3.61
COD (mg/L) 381–560
656–1440
397
763
456 ± 8.19
O&G
13–43
40–72
28
10
5.22 ± 0.07
TN (mg/L)
30.3–37.3
55.2–72.9
41.6
61.1
36.9 ± 0.5
PO 4 (mg/L)
22.2
2.2–39.6
27.7
44.5
1.61 ± 0.13
Zn (mg/L)
ND
ND
ND
ND
0.312 ± 0.0021
Fe (mg/L)
ND
ND
ND
ND
1.071 ± 0.0010
a ND is not determined
the permissible standard (20–50 mg/L and 50–100 mg/L, respectively). Moreover,
the O&G is available in the range of 5.2–72 mg/L. The Total Nitrogen (TN) was
in the range of 36.9–72.9 mg/L while phosphate (PO 4 ) was ranged from 1.61 to
44.5 mg/L.
4.3 Technical Factors Influencing Designation
of the Treatment System
The factors which need to be considered to design and implement the treatment
systems for FMWW include fresh market wastewater content, volume, space area
availability, compliance with the environmental standards and regulation on the country as well as compliance with engineering standards for design and construction.
The fresh market wastewater usually contains solid wastes and liquid wastes as well
as O&G. Therefore, the pretreatment is needed for separating the solids particles
and wastewater (Shahbuddin et al. 2018). Fresh market produces huge amount of
wastewater quantities since the daily operation of fresh market. Some of fresh markets operating half-day from early morning to afternoon (7 am to 1 pm), while some
from early morning to evening (7 am to 6 pm). The estimation of wastewater volume
produced per stall per day is 30 litres. The designation of treatment system needs to be
sized according to the expected volume of wastewater. The retention time also needs
to be considered to ensure the process of wastewater treatment works effectively
(Jais et al. 2016). The space area around the fresh market is needed to implement
the treatment system. The dimensions of the structure must be suited to the available space (Karia and Christian 2006). Moreover, the effluent or sludge quality must