38
S. S. Habtoor et al.
3.2.2 Metal Nanoparticles (MNPs)
Cluster metal particles studied for decades are intermediaries between atoms and bulk
materials, and currently involved in all nanoscience applications. Metal nanoparticles are atoms clustered together in a cluster, ranging in diameter from 1 to 100 nm
(Chaloupka et al. 2010). Metallic nanoparticles can be involved in many applications
such as water purification, catalysis, medical diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and antibacterial (Betancourt-Galindo et al. 2014). There are also other areas
which include electronics, paint, cosmetics, and packaging. Metallic nanoparticles
can be used in solid forms by integrating them when their temperature is relatively
low, and they can often be used as electronics coatings without melting. The permeability properties of metallic nanoparticles make them useful in many applications
such as coating and packaging. The metal nanoparticles can bind to the DNA chain
without destroying it, and have the ability to pass through the blood vessels and
target specific organs in the body and thus, opens the way in new medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications (Klein et al. 2013). Some metal nanoparticles
can decompose simple halocarbons, which pose a risk in carbon and metal halides at
room temperature. Metallic nanoparticles are introduced into biomedical applications
such as antibacterial functions, bandages, and medical instrument manufacturing. It
is known that metal nanoparticles have an antibacterial property due to their high
surface area, where extensive interactions happen on the surface of microorganisms,
which works to inhibit their job or lead to the death of cells (Slavin et al. 2017). Metal
nanoparticles surface plasmon absorption and surface plasmon light dissipating can
be utilized for analytic and restorative applications. The chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles and anticancer are also used to deliver drugs to target members
(Wu and Huang 2017).
3.2.2.1 Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs)
Silver is a transitional element that has different properties such as electric and thermal conductivity and has a metallic lustre. In the past, silver has many benefits, it
was used as a remedy, in the manufacture of coins, pots, ointments, and many more
(Biswas and Dey 2015). One of the most widely used materials in nanotechnology
is silver. Antibacterial agents are increasingly desirable at the nanotechnology level.
Silver nanoparticles have wide applications in various fields, including water purifiers, surgical instruments, textiles, and cosmetics (Thamilselvi and Radha 2017).
Silver nanoparticles replaced silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of wounds, as they
are used as a covering agent in some household appliances and medical surfaces of
devices to reduce hospital-related bandages and infections. A silver nanoparticle is
prevalent in many health products because of its unique ability to combat infectious
diseases and inhibit the growth of bacteria and germs. The important application
of silver nanoparticles is in the medical manufacture such as topical ointments to
stop the infection from burns and open wounds. Nano-silver particles have much
S. S. Habtoor et al.
3.2.2 Metal Nanoparticles (MNPs)
Cluster metal particles studied for decades are intermediaries between atoms and bulk
materials, and currently involved in all nanoscience applications. Metal nanoparticles are atoms clustered together in a cluster, ranging in diameter from 1 to 100 nm
(Chaloupka et al. 2010). Metallic nanoparticles can be involved in many applications
such as water purification, catalysis, medical diagnosis, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and antibacterial (Betancourt-Galindo et al. 2014). There are also other areas
which include electronics, paint, cosmetics, and packaging. Metallic nanoparticles
can be used in solid forms by integrating them when their temperature is relatively
low, and they can often be used as electronics coatings without melting. The permeability properties of metallic nanoparticles make them useful in many applications
such as coating and packaging. The metal nanoparticles can bind to the DNA chain
without destroying it, and have the ability to pass through the blood vessels and
target specific organs in the body and thus, opens the way in new medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications (Klein et al. 2013). Some metal nanoparticles
can decompose simple halocarbons, which pose a risk in carbon and metal halides at
room temperature. Metallic nanoparticles are introduced into biomedical applications
such as antibacterial functions, bandages, and medical instrument manufacturing. It
is known that metal nanoparticles have an antibacterial property due to their high
surface area, where extensive interactions happen on the surface of microorganisms,
which works to inhibit their job or lead to the death of cells (Slavin et al. 2017). Metal
nanoparticles surface plasmon absorption and surface plasmon light dissipating can
be utilized for analytic and restorative applications. The chemical and physical properties of nanoparticles and anticancer are also used to deliver drugs to target members
(Wu and Huang 2017).
3.2.2.1 Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs)
Silver is a transitional element that has different properties such as electric and thermal conductivity and has a metallic lustre. In the past, silver has many benefits, it
was used as a remedy, in the manufacture of coins, pots, ointments, and many more
(Biswas and Dey 2015). One of the most widely used materials in nanotechnology
is silver. Antibacterial agents are increasingly desirable at the nanotechnology level.
Silver nanoparticles have wide applications in various fields, including water purifiers, surgical instruments, textiles, and cosmetics (Thamilselvi and Radha 2017).
Silver nanoparticles replaced silver sulfadiazine in the treatment of wounds, as they
are used as a covering agent in some household appliances and medical surfaces of
devices to reduce hospital-related bandages and infections. A silver nanoparticle is
prevalent in many health products because of its unique ability to combat infectious
diseases and inhibit the growth of bacteria and germs. The important application
of silver nanoparticles is in the medical manufacture such as topical ointments to
stop the infection from burns and open wounds. Nano-silver particles have much