10 Qualitative Characterization of Healthcare Wastes
177
Efaq AN, Rahman NNNA, Nagao H, Al-Gheethi AA, Shahadat M, Kadir MA (2015) Supercritical
carbon dioxide as non-thermal alternative technology for safe handling of clinical wastes. Environ
Process 2(4):797–822
Efaq AN, Rahman NNNA, Nagao H, Al-Gheethi AA, Kadir MA (2017) Inactivation of Aspergillus
spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide. Arab J Sci Eng 42(1):39–51
Frost and Sullivan (2010) The Malaysian agriculture and biotechnology sector. Malaysian
Biotechnology Corporations
Graikos A, Voudrias E, Papazachariou A, Iosifidis N, Kalpakidou M (2010) Composition and
production rate of medical waste from a small producer in Greece. Waste Manag 30(8–9):1683–
1689
Hall SK (1989) Infectious waste management: a multifaced problem. J Pollut Eng 21(8):74–78
Johannessen LM (1997) Management of health care waste. In: Proceedings in environment ’97
conference. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Cairo, Dokki-Giza, 16–18 Feb 1997
Mato RRAM, Kaseva ME (1999) Critical review of industrial and medical waste practices in Dar
es Salaam city. Resour Conserv Recycl 25:271–287
MOH (2009) Ministry of health guideline on the handling and management of clinical waste in
Malaysia, 3rd edn
Moritz JM (1995) Current legislation governing clinical waste disposal. J Hosp Infect 30:521–530
MPHP (2012) Main Health indicators: 2008–2012. Ministry of Public Health and Population, Yemen
Noman EA, Al-Gheethi AA, Rahman NNNA, Nagao H, Kadir MA (2016a) Assessment of relevant
fungal species in clinical solid wastes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(19):19806–19824
Noman EA, Rahman NN, Shahadat M, Nagao H, Al-Karkhi AF, Al-Gheethi A, Lah TN, Omar AK
(2016b) Supercritical fluid CO 2 technique for destruction of pathogenic fungal spores in solid
clinical wastes. Clean Soil Air Water 44(12):1700–1708
Noman EA, Al-Gheethi AA, Rahman NA, Norulaini N, Nagao H, A Talip B, Mohamed R, Saphira
RM, Kadir A, Omar M (2018a) Phenotypic identification of Penicillium spp. isolated from clinical
wastes based on microstructure characteristics. Malays J Microbiol 14(2):88–95
Noman E, Ab Rahman NNN, Al-Gheethi A, Nagao H, Talip BA, Kadir OA (2018b) Selection of
inactivation medium for fungal spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 25(22):21682–21692
Park H, Lee H, Kim M, Lee J, Seong SY, Ko G (2009) Detection and hazard assessment of pathogenic
microorganisms in medical waste. J Environ Sci Health Part A 44:995–1003
Pruss A, Giroult E, Rushbrook P (1999) Safe Management of wastes from healthcare activities.
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, World Health Organization, Geneva. ISBN 924-154525-9
Ruoyan G, Lingzhong X, Huijuan L, Chengchao Z, Jiangjiang H, Yoshihisa S, Wei T, Chushi K
(2010) Investigation of healthcare waste management in Binzhou District China. Waste Manag
30:246–250
Saini S, Das KB, Kapil A, Nagargan S, Sarma RK (2004) The study of bacterial flora of different
types in hospital waste: evaluation of waste treatment at aims hospital, New Delhi. Southeast
Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35(4):986–998
Salkin IF (2003) Conventional and alternative technologies for the treatment of infectious waste. J
Mater Cycles Waste Manag 5:9–12
Savita S, Bimal KD, Arti K, Shyama SN, Sarma RK (2004) The study of bacterial flora of different
types in hospital waste: evaluation of waste treatment at aiims hospital, new Delhi southeast.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35(4):986–989
Shinee E, Gombojav E, Nishimura A, Hamajima N, Ito K (2008) Healthcare waste management in
the capital city of Mongolia. Waste Manag 28:435–441
TEPA (2004) Waste disposal act. Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. http://law.epa.
gov.tw/en/laws/245676169.html, Accessed Jan 2018
Visvanathan C (2006) Medical waste management issues in Asia. In: Asia 3rd conference, Tokyo,
Japan
177
Efaq AN, Rahman NNNA, Nagao H, Al-Gheethi AA, Shahadat M, Kadir MA (2015) Supercritical
carbon dioxide as non-thermal alternative technology for safe handling of clinical wastes. Environ
Process 2(4):797–822
Efaq AN, Rahman NNNA, Nagao H, Al-Gheethi AA, Kadir MA (2017) Inactivation of Aspergillus
spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide. Arab J Sci Eng 42(1):39–51
Frost and Sullivan (2010) The Malaysian agriculture and biotechnology sector. Malaysian
Biotechnology Corporations
Graikos A, Voudrias E, Papazachariou A, Iosifidis N, Kalpakidou M (2010) Composition and
production rate of medical waste from a small producer in Greece. Waste Manag 30(8–9):1683–
1689
Hall SK (1989) Infectious waste management: a multifaced problem. J Pollut Eng 21(8):74–78
Johannessen LM (1997) Management of health care waste. In: Proceedings in environment ’97
conference. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency, Cairo, Dokki-Giza, 16–18 Feb 1997
Mato RRAM, Kaseva ME (1999) Critical review of industrial and medical waste practices in Dar
es Salaam city. Resour Conserv Recycl 25:271–287
MOH (2009) Ministry of health guideline on the handling and management of clinical waste in
Malaysia, 3rd edn
Moritz JM (1995) Current legislation governing clinical waste disposal. J Hosp Infect 30:521–530
MPHP (2012) Main Health indicators: 2008–2012. Ministry of Public Health and Population, Yemen
Noman EA, Al-Gheethi AA, Rahman NNNA, Nagao H, Kadir MA (2016a) Assessment of relevant
fungal species in clinical solid wastes. Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(19):19806–19824
Noman EA, Rahman NN, Shahadat M, Nagao H, Al-Karkhi AF, Al-Gheethi A, Lah TN, Omar AK
(2016b) Supercritical fluid CO 2 technique for destruction of pathogenic fungal spores in solid
clinical wastes. Clean Soil Air Water 44(12):1700–1708
Noman EA, Al-Gheethi AA, Rahman NA, Norulaini N, Nagao H, A Talip B, Mohamed R, Saphira
RM, Kadir A, Omar M (2018a) Phenotypic identification of Penicillium spp. isolated from clinical
wastes based on microstructure characteristics. Malays J Microbiol 14(2):88–95
Noman E, Ab Rahman NNN, Al-Gheethi A, Nagao H, Talip BA, Kadir OA (2018b) Selection of
inactivation medium for fungal spores in clinical wastes by supercritical carbon dioxide. Environ
Sci Pollut Res 25(22):21682–21692
Park H, Lee H, Kim M, Lee J, Seong SY, Ko G (2009) Detection and hazard assessment of pathogenic
microorganisms in medical waste. J Environ Sci Health Part A 44:995–1003
Pruss A, Giroult E, Rushbrook P (1999) Safe Management of wastes from healthcare activities.
WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data, World Health Organization, Geneva. ISBN 924-154525-9
Ruoyan G, Lingzhong X, Huijuan L, Chengchao Z, Jiangjiang H, Yoshihisa S, Wei T, Chushi K
(2010) Investigation of healthcare waste management in Binzhou District China. Waste Manag
30:246–250
Saini S, Das KB, Kapil A, Nagargan S, Sarma RK (2004) The study of bacterial flora of different
types in hospital waste: evaluation of waste treatment at aims hospital, New Delhi. Southeast
Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35(4):986–998
Salkin IF (2003) Conventional and alternative technologies for the treatment of infectious waste. J
Mater Cycles Waste Manag 5:9–12
Savita S, Bimal KD, Arti K, Shyama SN, Sarma RK (2004) The study of bacterial flora of different
types in hospital waste: evaluation of waste treatment at aiims hospital, new Delhi southeast.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 35(4):986–989
Shinee E, Gombojav E, Nishimura A, Hamajima N, Ito K (2008) Healthcare waste management in
the capital city of Mongolia. Waste Manag 28:435–441
TEPA (2004) Waste disposal act. Taiwan Environmental Protection Administration. http://law.epa.
gov.tw/en/laws/245676169.html, Accessed Jan 2018
Visvanathan C (2006) Medical waste management issues in Asia. In: Asia 3rd conference, Tokyo,
Japan