170
E. Noman et al.
0.68 0.76 0.84
1.06 1.2 1.25
1.5
1.7
1.9
2
2.68
3
3.6
3.9
4.5
5.5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
kg/bed/day
Country
Fig. 10.2 Estimated average healthcare waste generation in different region in the world (WHO
2005; Visvanathan 2006; Johannessen 1997; De Silva et al. 2011; Cheng et al. 2009; Ruoyan et al.
2010)
0.68 kg/bed/day in Thailand. However, the average of the clinical waste quantities is between 0.5 and 3 kg/bed/day (WHO 2000). In Malaysia, the quantities of
the clinical wastes generated have increased annually due to the fast increase in the
total population (1.5%). The quantities of clinical wastes handled for the incineration
increased by 37.1% from 11000 in 2006 to 18000 in 2016 (Fig. 10.3).
11363
12533
14410
16590
16781
17790
18055
7500
8500
9600
10000
10400
10600
10700
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
Tons/year
Year
Malaysia
Yemen
Fig. 10.3 Quantity of clinical waste for destruction at incinerator Malaysia and Yemen. Source
Department of Environment (DS 2011, 2013; MPHP 2012)