9 Struvite Crystallization: An Effective Technology …
165
Siciliano A, De Rosa S (2014) Recovery of ammonia in digestates of calf manure through a struvite
precipitation process using unconventional reagents. Environ Technol 35(7):841–850
Siciliano A, Ruggiero C, De Rosa S (2013) A new integrated treatment for the reduction of organic
and nitrogen loads in methanogenic landfill leachates. Process Saf Environ Prot 91(4):311–320
Siciliano A, Stillitano M, Limonti C, Marchio F (2016) Ammonium removal from landfill leachate
by means of multiple recycling of struvite residues obtained through acid decomposition. Appl
Sci 6(11):375–392
Song YH, Qiu GL, Yuan P, Cui XY, Peng JF, Zeng P, Qian F (2011) Nutrients removal and recovery from anaerobically digested swine wastewater by struvite crystallization without chemical
additions. J Hazard Mater 190(1–3):140–149
Suguna K, Thenmozhi M, Sekar C (2012) Growth, spectral, structural and mechanical properties
of struvite crystal grown in presence of sodium fluoride. Bull Mater Sci 35(4):701–706
Suzuki K, Tanaka Y, Kuroda K, Hanajima D, Fukumoto Y, Yasuda T, Waki M (2007) Removal and
recovery of phosphorous from swine wastewater by demonstration crystallization reactor and
struvite accumulation device. Biores Technol 98(8):1573–1578
Tarragó E, Sciarria TP, Ruscalleda M, Colprim J, Balaguer MD, Adani F, Puig S (2018) Effect
of suspended solids and its role on struvite formation from digested manure. J Chem Technol
Biotechnol 93(9):2758–2765
Türker M, Çelen I (2007) Removal of ammonia as struvite from anaerobic digester effluents and
recycling of magnesium and phosphate. Biores Technol 98(8):1529–1534
Usyal A, Kuru B (2013) Examination of nutrient removal from anaerobic effluent of the dairy
processing industry by struvite precipitation using the response surface methodology. Fresenius
Environ Bull 22(5):1380–1387
Uysal A, Yilmazel YD, Demirer GN (2010) The determination of fertilizer quality of the formed
struvite from effluent of a sewage sludge anaerobic digester. J Hazard Mater 181(1–3):248–254
Uysal A, Demir S, Sayilgan E, Eraslan F, Kucukyumuk Z (2014) Optimization of struvite fertilizer
formation from baker’s yeast wastewater: growth and nutrition of maize and tomato plants.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(5):3264–3274
Wang J, Burken JG, Xiaoqi Z (2006) Effect of seeding materials and mixing strength on struvite
precipitation. Water Environ Res 78(2):125–132
Wang CC, Hao XD, Guo GS, van Loosdrecht MCM (2010) Formation of pure struvite at neutral
pH by electrochemical deposition. Chem Eng J 159(1–3):280–283
Wang H, Cheng GW, Song XW, Xu ZH, Meng JJ, Dong CQ (2012) Pretreatment of high strength
ammonia removal from rare-earth wastewater by magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP)
precipitation. Adv Mater Res 496:42–45
Wang H, Wang XJ, Wang WS, Yan XB, Xia P, Chen J, Zhao JF (2016) Modeling and optimization of
struvite recovery from wastewater and reusing for heavy metals immobilization in contaminated
soil. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 91(12):3045–3052
Wilsenach JA, Schuurbiers CAH, van Loosdrecht MCM (2007) Phosphate and potassium recovery
from source separated urine through struvite precipitation. Water Res 41(2):458–466
Wu L-N, Liang D-W, Xu Y-Y, Liu T, Peng Y-Z, Zhang J (2016) A robust and cost-effective integrated
process for nitrogen and bio-refractory organics removal from landfill leachate via short-cut
nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation in tandem with electrochemical oxidation. Biores
Technol 212:296–301
Xiu-Fen L, Barnes D, Jian C (2011) Performance of struvite precipitation during pretreatment of
raw landfill leachate and its biological validation. Environ Chem Lett 9(1):71–75
Xu K, Wang C, Liu H, Qian Y (2011) Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and potassium
from synthetic urine through the precipitation of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate.
Chemosphere 84(2):207–212
Yan H, Shih K (2016) Effects of calcium and ferric ions on struvite precipitation: a new assessment
based on quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Water Res 95:310–318
165
Siciliano A, De Rosa S (2014) Recovery of ammonia in digestates of calf manure through a struvite
precipitation process using unconventional reagents. Environ Technol 35(7):841–850
Siciliano A, Ruggiero C, De Rosa S (2013) A new integrated treatment for the reduction of organic
and nitrogen loads in methanogenic landfill leachates. Process Saf Environ Prot 91(4):311–320
Siciliano A, Stillitano M, Limonti C, Marchio F (2016) Ammonium removal from landfill leachate
by means of multiple recycling of struvite residues obtained through acid decomposition. Appl
Sci 6(11):375–392
Song YH, Qiu GL, Yuan P, Cui XY, Peng JF, Zeng P, Qian F (2011) Nutrients removal and recovery from anaerobically digested swine wastewater by struvite crystallization without chemical
additions. J Hazard Mater 190(1–3):140–149
Suguna K, Thenmozhi M, Sekar C (2012) Growth, spectral, structural and mechanical properties
of struvite crystal grown in presence of sodium fluoride. Bull Mater Sci 35(4):701–706
Suzuki K, Tanaka Y, Kuroda K, Hanajima D, Fukumoto Y, Yasuda T, Waki M (2007) Removal and
recovery of phosphorous from swine wastewater by demonstration crystallization reactor and
struvite accumulation device. Biores Technol 98(8):1573–1578
Tarragó E, Sciarria TP, Ruscalleda M, Colprim J, Balaguer MD, Adani F, Puig S (2018) Effect
of suspended solids and its role on struvite formation from digested manure. J Chem Technol
Biotechnol 93(9):2758–2765
Türker M, Çelen I (2007) Removal of ammonia as struvite from anaerobic digester effluents and
recycling of magnesium and phosphate. Biores Technol 98(8):1529–1534
Usyal A, Kuru B (2013) Examination of nutrient removal from anaerobic effluent of the dairy
processing industry by struvite precipitation using the response surface methodology. Fresenius
Environ Bull 22(5):1380–1387
Uysal A, Yilmazel YD, Demirer GN (2010) The determination of fertilizer quality of the formed
struvite from effluent of a sewage sludge anaerobic digester. J Hazard Mater 181(1–3):248–254
Uysal A, Demir S, Sayilgan E, Eraslan F, Kucukyumuk Z (2014) Optimization of struvite fertilizer
formation from baker’s yeast wastewater: growth and nutrition of maize and tomato plants.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 21(5):3264–3274
Wang J, Burken JG, Xiaoqi Z (2006) Effect of seeding materials and mixing strength on struvite
precipitation. Water Environ Res 78(2):125–132
Wang CC, Hao XD, Guo GS, van Loosdrecht MCM (2010) Formation of pure struvite at neutral
pH by electrochemical deposition. Chem Eng J 159(1–3):280–283
Wang H, Cheng GW, Song XW, Xu ZH, Meng JJ, Dong CQ (2012) Pretreatment of high strength
ammonia removal from rare-earth wastewater by magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP)
precipitation. Adv Mater Res 496:42–45
Wang H, Wang XJ, Wang WS, Yan XB, Xia P, Chen J, Zhao JF (2016) Modeling and optimization of
struvite recovery from wastewater and reusing for heavy metals immobilization in contaminated
soil. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 91(12):3045–3052
Wilsenach JA, Schuurbiers CAH, van Loosdrecht MCM (2007) Phosphate and potassium recovery
from source separated urine through struvite precipitation. Water Res 41(2):458–466
Wu L-N, Liang D-W, Xu Y-Y, Liu T, Peng Y-Z, Zhang J (2016) A robust and cost-effective integrated
process for nitrogen and bio-refractory organics removal from landfill leachate via short-cut
nitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation in tandem with electrochemical oxidation. Biores
Technol 212:296–301
Xiu-Fen L, Barnes D, Jian C (2011) Performance of struvite precipitation during pretreatment of
raw landfill leachate and its biological validation. Environ Chem Lett 9(1):71–75
Xu K, Wang C, Liu H, Qian Y (2011) Simultaneous removal of phosphorus and potassium
from synthetic urine through the precipitation of magnesium potassium phosphate hexahydrate.
Chemosphere 84(2):207–212
Yan H, Shih K (2016) Effects of calcium and ferric ions on struvite precipitation: a new assessment
based on quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis. Water Res 95:310–318