1 Management Practices of Fresh Market Wastes …
5
weeks while active composting could range from 10 to 12 weeks. In the composting
process, the EM solution is inoculated together into the food wastes and then incubated under the anaerobic process to allow fermentation to take place. The efficiency
of this process relies on the presence of nitrogen and nutrients which induce the
microbial growth, while the products are used as fertilizer.
1.2.4 Disposal Process
The disposal process represents the last stage of the management system of the fresh
market wastewater. Since the food waste represents the highest percentage of the fresh
market wastes and cause one of the large environmental problems. In many countries
such as UK, the solid wastes such as food wastes are disposed of in landfill, via
composting, or anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the new direction is to reuse these
wastes as animal feeds, but this practice is currently illegal, due to the disease control
concerns (Salemdeeb et al. 2017). Nonetheless, the applicability of the food wastes
to be used as animal or aquaculture foods depends on the preparation, compositing,
and whether to meet the standards or not. The main concern for the disposal of the
food wastes into the landfill is the role of the landfill in producing large quantities of
greenhouse gases (GHG) especially when the waste is subjected to the incineration
(EC 2014). Food waste that is not handled properly can cause contamination of
groundwater, emission of toxic gas, emanation of odor, and attraction of vermin.
1.3 Health Risk Associated with the Utilization of Food
Wastes as Fertilizers
The application of fertilizers generated from the composting process of the food
wastes is becoming more common due to these waste provided an alternative for the
chemical fertilizers which have several of the disadvantages. However, the impact
of the utilization of food fertilizers on the environment has not investigated in-depth
yet. There are no reports on the infection agents or their disease have been transferred
into the plants and animals. However, the potential of infectious agent transmission
from food wastes to plants and animals is still possible. In a view for the nature of
microbial load in the fresh market wastes, there are two types of infectious agents
which include those coming from the vegetables and fruits and that coming from
poultry and meat. The infectious agents from vegetables and fruits are growing at
ambient temperature and might have an effect on the plants during the utilization of
fertilizers generated from the compositing of fresh market wastes. However, here it
should mention for the composting process which might lead to inactivating these
infectious agents. The second type of infectious agents are those coming from animal
and poultry which have the ability to grow at a temperature near to human temperature
5
weeks while active composting could range from 10 to 12 weeks. In the composting
process, the EM solution is inoculated together into the food wastes and then incubated under the anaerobic process to allow fermentation to take place. The efficiency
of this process relies on the presence of nitrogen and nutrients which induce the
microbial growth, while the products are used as fertilizer.
1.2.4 Disposal Process
The disposal process represents the last stage of the management system of the fresh
market wastewater. Since the food waste represents the highest percentage of the fresh
market wastes and cause one of the large environmental problems. In many countries
such as UK, the solid wastes such as food wastes are disposed of in landfill, via
composting, or anaerobic digestion (AD). However, the new direction is to reuse these
wastes as animal feeds, but this practice is currently illegal, due to the disease control
concerns (Salemdeeb et al. 2017). Nonetheless, the applicability of the food wastes
to be used as animal or aquaculture foods depends on the preparation, compositing,
and whether to meet the standards or not. The main concern for the disposal of the
food wastes into the landfill is the role of the landfill in producing large quantities of
greenhouse gases (GHG) especially when the waste is subjected to the incineration
(EC 2014). Food waste that is not handled properly can cause contamination of
groundwater, emission of toxic gas, emanation of odor, and attraction of vermin.
1.3 Health Risk Associated with the Utilization of Food
Wastes as Fertilizers
The application of fertilizers generated from the composting process of the food
wastes is becoming more common due to these waste provided an alternative for the
chemical fertilizers which have several of the disadvantages. However, the impact
of the utilization of food fertilizers on the environment has not investigated in-depth
yet. There are no reports on the infection agents or their disease have been transferred
into the plants and animals. However, the potential of infectious agent transmission
from food wastes to plants and animals is still possible. In a view for the nature of
microbial load in the fresh market wastes, there are two types of infectious agents
which include those coming from the vegetables and fruits and that coming from
poultry and meat. The infectious agents from vegetables and fruits are growing at
ambient temperature and might have an effect on the plants during the utilization of
fertilizers generated from the compositing of fresh market wastes. However, here it
should mention for the composting process which might lead to inactivating these
infectious agents. The second type of infectious agents are those coming from animal
and poultry which have the ability to grow at a temperature near to human temperature