8 Biofilter Aquaponic System for Nutrients …
137
8.7 Conclusion
This review article has been pursued to give encyclopaedic idea about the biofilter
aquaponic system in the entire country, so readers can get a perception and impression
of the important role of plants for removing pollutants in wastewater. Few studies
have been focused on the plant species in biofilter aquaponic system. Therefore, this
aspect needs to be investigated and further studied to facilitate the best selection of
treatment processes and understand their impact on the environment. Furthermore,
fresh market wastewater with high content of nutrient and pathogenic substances
need to be treated properly before being discharged to water bodies system and
should be used as mandatory practice for cleanliness environment. As a conclusion,
the types of plants function as a nutrient remover have been proved by several studies.
The studies confirm that the selected plants are suitable for wetland treatment in a
tropical climate. The constructed wetland treatment system is a cheaper alternative
for wastewater treatment using local resources and is an energy-efficient technology.
Constructed wetlands offer multiple values such as the creation of habitat, water
quality improvement, flood control, and production of food and fibres (also termed as
constructed aquaculture wetlands). However, long term monitoring and maintenance
are crucial to ensure the performance of the wetlands.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their appreciation to the Micropollutant
Research Centre (MPRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for the research facilities.
The authors also would like to thank the Research Management Centre (RMC) Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for the financial support under Grant GPPS (U957).
References
Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Homaidan AA, Ibraheem IBM (2012) Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi J Biol Sci 19(3):257–275
Al-Gheethi AA, Lalung J, Noman EA, Bala JD, Norli I (2015) Removal of heavy metals and
antibiotics from treated sewage effluent by bacteria. Clean Technol Environ Policy 17(8):2101–
2123
Al-Gheethi AA, Mohamed RMSR, Efaq AN, Norli I, Abd Halid A, Amir HK, Ab Kadir MO (2016)
Bioaugmentation process of secondary effluents for reduction of pathogens, heavy metals and
antibiotics. J Water Health 14(5):780–795
Ansar M (2018) Sustainable integrated farming system: a solution for national food security and
sovereignty. In: IOP Conference series: earth and environmental science, vol 157, no 1. IOP
Publishing, p 012061
Apandi NM, Mohamed RMSR, Al-Gheethi A, Kassim AHM (2019) Microalgal biomass production
through phycoremediation of fresh market wastewater and potential applications as aquaculture
feeds. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(4):3226–3242
Apandi NM, Mohamed RMSR, Latiffi NAA, Rozlan NFM, Al-Gheethi AAS (2017) Protein and lipid
content of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. biomass grown in wet market wastewater. In: MATEC
web of conferences, vol 103. EDP Sciences, p 06011
Bindu GH (2004) Impact Of Toxic Metals, Minerals, Solvents, E-Waste And Plastics Leading To
Environmental Pollution. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN 974:2115
137
8.7 Conclusion
This review article has been pursued to give encyclopaedic idea about the biofilter
aquaponic system in the entire country, so readers can get a perception and impression
of the important role of plants for removing pollutants in wastewater. Few studies
have been focused on the plant species in biofilter aquaponic system. Therefore, this
aspect needs to be investigated and further studied to facilitate the best selection of
treatment processes and understand their impact on the environment. Furthermore,
fresh market wastewater with high content of nutrient and pathogenic substances
need to be treated properly before being discharged to water bodies system and
should be used as mandatory practice for cleanliness environment. As a conclusion,
the types of plants function as a nutrient remover have been proved by several studies.
The studies confirm that the selected plants are suitable for wetland treatment in a
tropical climate. The constructed wetland treatment system is a cheaper alternative
for wastewater treatment using local resources and is an energy-efficient technology.
Constructed wetlands offer multiple values such as the creation of habitat, water
quality improvement, flood control, and production of food and fibres (also termed as
constructed aquaculture wetlands). However, long term monitoring and maintenance
are crucial to ensure the performance of the wetlands.
Acknowledgements The authors would like to express their appreciation to the Micropollutant
Research Centre (MPRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for the research facilities.
The authors also would like to thank the Research Management Centre (RMC) Universiti Tun
Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) for the financial support under Grant GPPS (U957).
References
Abdel-Raouf N, Al-Homaidan AA, Ibraheem IBM (2012) Microalgae and wastewater treatment. Saudi J Biol Sci 19(3):257–275
Al-Gheethi AA, Lalung J, Noman EA, Bala JD, Norli I (2015) Removal of heavy metals and
antibiotics from treated sewage effluent by bacteria. Clean Technol Environ Policy 17(8):2101–
2123
Al-Gheethi AA, Mohamed RMSR, Efaq AN, Norli I, Abd Halid A, Amir HK, Ab Kadir MO (2016)
Bioaugmentation process of secondary effluents for reduction of pathogens, heavy metals and
antibiotics. J Water Health 14(5):780–795
Ansar M (2018) Sustainable integrated farming system: a solution for national food security and
sovereignty. In: IOP Conference series: earth and environmental science, vol 157, no 1. IOP
Publishing, p 012061
Apandi NM, Mohamed RMSR, Al-Gheethi A, Kassim AHM (2019) Microalgal biomass production
through phycoremediation of fresh market wastewater and potential applications as aquaculture
feeds. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26(4):3226–3242
Apandi NM, Mohamed RMSR, Latiffi NAA, Rozlan NFM, Al-Gheethi AAS (2017) Protein and lipid
content of microalgae Scenedesmus sp. biomass grown in wet market wastewater. In: MATEC
web of conferences, vol 103. EDP Sciences, p 06011
Bindu GH (2004) Impact Of Toxic Metals, Minerals, Solvents, E-Waste And Plastics Leading To
Environmental Pollution. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences ISSN 974:2115