7 Reduction of Seafood Processing Wastewater …
103
7.2 Solid and Liquid Waste Management
Seafood processing industries generate wastewater because there are many steps of
operation that involved in each stage of recycling and reclamation. The disposed
wastewater should be environmentally acceptable and in compliance with the regulations by global law which are applicable in many countries (Vikneswara et al.
2019). Contamination of soil, ground and surface waters due to wastewater should
be prevented, and necessary measures are required for proper disposal of wastes
such as hazardous material, process residues, solvents, oils and sludge. The disposal
of seafood waste to marine environment (i.e. river, sea, etc.) are advised to perform
sieve analysis through a 5 mm sieve before the waste can be discharged. The location
for disposal of waste is also crucial to prevent a build-up of solid formation (Goel
et al. 2005).
7.2.1 Strategy and Plans for Liquid Waste Management
Many steps should be considered to achieve the quality in the satisfactory level
with existing facilities. If no initial treatment been carried out to meet the standard
discharge criteria, then the receiving environment will be adversely affected due to
high load of contaminants. Planning for waste management is largely dependent
on the financial and facilities for the upgrading situation (Aziz et al. 2009). This
means that it would upgrade the level of the raw sewage discharge before going into
receiving water bodies (rivers, seas and oceans) channelled by primary and secondary
treatment, as shown in Fig. 7.1. Liquid waste management plans (LWMP) are used
to find the schedule to upgrade secondary treatment. Therefore, LWMP include: (i)
public consultation, (ii) schedule to upgrade all liquid waste discharges to water
bodies, (iii) a schedule and means to address all municipal liquid waste (Roy and
Raj 2010; Wang et al. 2016).
Liquid waste management includes sewage treatment, wastewater treatment, and
biochemical and chemical treatment (Banashri and Annachhatre 2007). It applies
different ways of treatment for rural and urban areas, in developed and developing
countries. The value of treated wastewater is usually worth when the wastewater
can be reused. There are different methods through which wastewater is reused, and
are named as physical reprocessing and biological reprocessing (Demirbas 2011).
Wet biomass like sewage sludge and some industrial wastewater can be converted
to produce fertilizer and fuel. Since biomass is easy to be converted into liquid fuel,
it can then be used for transportation fuel in the future for trains, cars, and buses
(Demirbas 2011).
103
7.2 Solid and Liquid Waste Management
Seafood processing industries generate wastewater because there are many steps of
operation that involved in each stage of recycling and reclamation. The disposed
wastewater should be environmentally acceptable and in compliance with the regulations by global law which are applicable in many countries (Vikneswara et al.
2019). Contamination of soil, ground and surface waters due to wastewater should
be prevented, and necessary measures are required for proper disposal of wastes
such as hazardous material, process residues, solvents, oils and sludge. The disposal
of seafood waste to marine environment (i.e. river, sea, etc.) are advised to perform
sieve analysis through a 5 mm sieve before the waste can be discharged. The location
for disposal of waste is also crucial to prevent a build-up of solid formation (Goel
et al. 2005).
7.2.1 Strategy and Plans for Liquid Waste Management
Many steps should be considered to achieve the quality in the satisfactory level
with existing facilities. If no initial treatment been carried out to meet the standard
discharge criteria, then the receiving environment will be adversely affected due to
high load of contaminants. Planning for waste management is largely dependent
on the financial and facilities for the upgrading situation (Aziz et al. 2009). This
means that it would upgrade the level of the raw sewage discharge before going into
receiving water bodies (rivers, seas and oceans) channelled by primary and secondary
treatment, as shown in Fig. 7.1. Liquid waste management plans (LWMP) are used
to find the schedule to upgrade secondary treatment. Therefore, LWMP include: (i)
public consultation, (ii) schedule to upgrade all liquid waste discharges to water
bodies, (iii) a schedule and means to address all municipal liquid waste (Roy and
Raj 2010; Wang et al. 2016).
Liquid waste management includes sewage treatment, wastewater treatment, and
biochemical and chemical treatment (Banashri and Annachhatre 2007). It applies
different ways of treatment for rural and urban areas, in developed and developing
countries. The value of treated wastewater is usually worth when the wastewater
can be reused. There are different methods through which wastewater is reused, and
are named as physical reprocessing and biological reprocessing (Demirbas 2011).
Wet biomass like sewage sludge and some industrial wastewater can be converted
to produce fertilizer and fuel. Since biomass is easy to be converted into liquid fuel,
it can then be used for transportation fuel in the future for trains, cars, and buses
(Demirbas 2011).