5.9 DPPH Scavenging Activities
The total DPPH scavenging activities significantly increased in DSV. The activities
of the different type of organic- and chemical fertilizer-grown (radish) Raphanus
sativus L. plants were shown in Fig. 5.1. Comparatively, DSV had higher level of
antioxidant properties than C, VV, DSC, and CF (chemical fertilizer). Moreover, the
total DPPH for C was observed to be 43.48 Æ 0.11, for VV is 38.45 Æ 0.0002, for
DSC is 46.64 Æ 0.002, for DSV is 52.49 Æ 0.002%, and for CF is 32.19 Æ 0.0002%.
The obtained results reveal the highest percent of DPPH inhibition in vermicomposttreated Medan variety (47.58%) and vermicompost-treated cassava is reported to
possess strong antioxidant activity, and hence it could be used as a good source of
natural antioxidants (Omar et al. 2012). The same author reported that the
vermicompost-treated cassava plant had higher scavenging activities than the plant
grown with inorganic fertilizer. Further, organically grown kacip Fatimah (Labisia
pumila Benth) plant had higher percentage of DPPH scavenging activities than the
NPK fertilization (Ibrahim et al. 2013).
5.10 Reducing Sugar
A significant positive correlation is shown in Fig. 5.1 between the reducing sugar
content and the type of fertilizer used. Hence, comparatively, CF shows higher level
of reducing sugar than with C, VV, DSC, and DSV. And the total reducing sugar
observed for C was 0.314 Æ 0.0003 mg/50 g; VV, 0.496 Æ 0.0003 mg/50 g; DSC,
0.406 Æ 0.0007 mg/50 g; DSV, 0.394 Æ 0.0003 mg/50 g; and CF, 0.61 Æ 0.007 mg/
50 g. The high sugar content in plants (young and mature galls) was interpreted,
which may be due to increased metabolic activity under stress. It is reported to be
responsible for additional synthesis of sugar (Marmit and Sharma 2008).
5.11 HPLC
The HPLC results were shown in Fig. 5.2. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents
were examined, and the following compounds, tannic acids, gallic acid, ascorbic
acid, quercetin, catechol, resorcinol, and benzoic acid, were identified. Hence, the
present study confirms that the higher phenolic content was identified with DSV than
with the other applications. Similar results were reported by Mradu et al. (2012).
5 Influence of Distillery Sludge-Based Vermicompost on the Nutritional Status of. . .
79
The total DPPH scavenging activities significantly increased in DSV. The activities
of the different type of organic- and chemical fertilizer-grown (radish) Raphanus
sativus L. plants were shown in Fig. 5.1. Comparatively, DSV had higher level of
antioxidant properties than C, VV, DSC, and CF (chemical fertilizer). Moreover, the
total DPPH for C was observed to be 43.48 Æ 0.11, for VV is 38.45 Æ 0.0002, for
DSC is 46.64 Æ 0.002, for DSV is 52.49 Æ 0.002%, and for CF is 32.19 Æ 0.0002%.
The obtained results reveal the highest percent of DPPH inhibition in vermicomposttreated Medan variety (47.58%) and vermicompost-treated cassava is reported to
possess strong antioxidant activity, and hence it could be used as a good source of
natural antioxidants (Omar et al. 2012). The same author reported that the
vermicompost-treated cassava plant had higher scavenging activities than the plant
grown with inorganic fertilizer. Further, organically grown kacip Fatimah (Labisia
pumila Benth) plant had higher percentage of DPPH scavenging activities than the
NPK fertilization (Ibrahim et al. 2013).
5.10 Reducing Sugar
A significant positive correlation is shown in Fig. 5.1 between the reducing sugar
content and the type of fertilizer used. Hence, comparatively, CF shows higher level
of reducing sugar than with C, VV, DSC, and DSV. And the total reducing sugar
observed for C was 0.314 Æ 0.0003 mg/50 g; VV, 0.496 Æ 0.0003 mg/50 g; DSC,
0.406 Æ 0.0007 mg/50 g; DSV, 0.394 Æ 0.0003 mg/50 g; and CF, 0.61 Æ 0.007 mg/
50 g. The high sugar content in plants (young and mature galls) was interpreted,
which may be due to increased metabolic activity under stress. It is reported to be
responsible for additional synthesis of sugar (Marmit and Sharma 2008).
5.11 HPLC
The HPLC results were shown in Fig. 5.2. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents
were examined, and the following compounds, tannic acids, gallic acid, ascorbic
acid, quercetin, catechol, resorcinol, and benzoic acid, were identified. Hence, the
present study confirms that the higher phenolic content was identified with DSV than
with the other applications. Similar results were reported by Mradu et al. (2012).
5 Influence of Distillery Sludge-Based Vermicompost on the Nutritional Status of. . .
79