Cesar R, Silva M, Colonese J, Bidone E, Egler S, Castilhos Z, Polivanov H (2012) Influence of the
properties of tropical soils in the toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals in sewage sludgeamended lands. Environ Earth Sci 66(8):2281–2292
Christensen ML, Keiding K, Nielsen PH, Jørgensen MK (2015) Dewatering in biological wastewater treatment: a review. Water Res 82:14–24
Cui G, Li F, Li S, Bhat SA, Ishiguro Y, Wei Y et al (2018) Changes of quinolone resistance genes
and their relations with microbial profiles during vermicomposting of municipal excess sludge.
Sci Total Environ 644:494–502
Curry JP, Schmidt O (2007) The feeding ecology of earthworms–a review. Pedobiologia 50
(6):463–477
Das S, Bora J, Goswami L, Bhattacharyya P, Raul P, Kumar M, Bhattacharya SS (2015)
Vermiremediation of water treatment plant sludge employing Metaphire posthuma: a soil
quality and metal solubility prediction approach. Ecol Eng 81:200–206
Domínguez J (2004) State–of–the–Art and New Perspectives on Vermicomposting Research.
Earthworm Ecology
Domínguez J, Aira M, Gómez-Brandón M (2010) Vermicomposting: earthworms enhance the work
of microbes. In: Microbes at work. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 93–114
Domínguez-Crespo MA, Sánchez-Hernández ZE, Torres-Huerta AM, Negrete MDLLX, CondeBarajas E, Flores-Vela A (2012) Effect of the heavy metals Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn on the growth and
reproduction of epigeic earthworms (E. fetida) during the vermistabilization of municipal
sewage sludge. Water Air Soil Pollut 223(2):915–931
Edwards CA, Bohlen PJ (1996) Biology and ecology of earthworms, vol 3. Springer Science &
Business Media, Berlin
Fu X, Huang K, Chen X, Li F, Cui G (2015a) Feasibility of vermistabilization for fresh pelletized
dewatered sludge with earthworms Bimastus parvus. Bioresour Technol 175:646–650
Fu X, Huang K, Cui G, Chen X, Li F, Zhang X, Li F (2015b) Dynamics of bacterial and eukaryotic
community associated with stability during vermicomposting of pelletized dewatered sludge. Int
Biodeterior Biodegradation 104:452–459
Fu X, Cui G, Huang K, Chen X, Li F, Zhang X, Li F (2016) Earthworms facilitate the stabilization
of pelletized dewatered sludge through shaping microbial biomass and activity and community.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(5):4522–4530
Graff O (1983) Darwin on earthworms—the contemporary background and what the critics
thought. In: Earthworm ecology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 5–18
Gupta R, Garg V (2008) Stabilization of primary sewage sludge during vermicomposting. J Hazard
Mater 153(3):1023–1030
Hait S, Tare V (2012) Transformation and availability of nutrients and heavy metals during
integrated composting–vermicomposting of sewage sludges. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
79:214–224
Huang K, Xia H (2018) Role of earthworms' mucus in vermicomposting system: biodegradation
tests based on humification and microbial activity. Sci Total Environ 610:703–708
Huang K, Xia H, Cui G, Li F (2017) Effects of earthworms on nitrification and ammonia oxidizers
in vermicomposting systems for recycling of fruit and vegetable wastes. Sci Total Environ
578:337–345
Huang K, Xia H, Wu Y, Chen J, Cui G, Li F et al (2018) Effects of earthworms on the fate of
tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance genes of sewage sludge during vermicomposting.
Bioresour Technol 259:32–39
Ludibeth SM, Marina IE, Vicenta EM (2012) Vermicomposting of sewage sludge: earthworm
population and agronomic advantages. Compost Sci Util 20(1):11–17
Lv B, Xing M, Zhao C, Yang J, Xiang L (2014) Towards understanding the stabilization process in
vermicomposting using PARAFAC analysis of fluorescence spectra. Chemosphere
117:216–222
Lv B, Xing M, Yang J, Zhang L (2015) Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial community differences in
composting and vermicomposting on the stabilization of mixed sewage sludge and cattle dung.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99(24):10703–10712
66
K. Huang et al.
properties of tropical soils in the toxicity and bioavailability of heavy metals in sewage sludgeamended lands. Environ Earth Sci 66(8):2281–2292
Christensen ML, Keiding K, Nielsen PH, Jørgensen MK (2015) Dewatering in biological wastewater treatment: a review. Water Res 82:14–24
Cui G, Li F, Li S, Bhat SA, Ishiguro Y, Wei Y et al (2018) Changes of quinolone resistance genes
and their relations with microbial profiles during vermicomposting of municipal excess sludge.
Sci Total Environ 644:494–502
Curry JP, Schmidt O (2007) The feeding ecology of earthworms–a review. Pedobiologia 50
(6):463–477
Das S, Bora J, Goswami L, Bhattacharyya P, Raul P, Kumar M, Bhattacharya SS (2015)
Vermiremediation of water treatment plant sludge employing Metaphire posthuma: a soil
quality and metal solubility prediction approach. Ecol Eng 81:200–206
Domínguez J (2004) State–of–the–Art and New Perspectives on Vermicomposting Research.
Earthworm Ecology
Domínguez J, Aira M, Gómez-Brandón M (2010) Vermicomposting: earthworms enhance the work
of microbes. In: Microbes at work. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 93–114
Domínguez-Crespo MA, Sánchez-Hernández ZE, Torres-Huerta AM, Negrete MDLLX, CondeBarajas E, Flores-Vela A (2012) Effect of the heavy metals Cu, Ni, Cd and Zn on the growth and
reproduction of epigeic earthworms (E. fetida) during the vermistabilization of municipal
sewage sludge. Water Air Soil Pollut 223(2):915–931
Edwards CA, Bohlen PJ (1996) Biology and ecology of earthworms, vol 3. Springer Science &
Business Media, Berlin
Fu X, Huang K, Chen X, Li F, Cui G (2015a) Feasibility of vermistabilization for fresh pelletized
dewatered sludge with earthworms Bimastus parvus. Bioresour Technol 175:646–650
Fu X, Huang K, Cui G, Chen X, Li F, Zhang X, Li F (2015b) Dynamics of bacterial and eukaryotic
community associated with stability during vermicomposting of pelletized dewatered sludge. Int
Biodeterior Biodegradation 104:452–459
Fu X, Cui G, Huang K, Chen X, Li F, Zhang X, Li F (2016) Earthworms facilitate the stabilization
of pelletized dewatered sludge through shaping microbial biomass and activity and community.
Environ Sci Pollut Res 23(5):4522–4530
Graff O (1983) Darwin on earthworms—the contemporary background and what the critics
thought. In: Earthworm ecology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 5–18
Gupta R, Garg V (2008) Stabilization of primary sewage sludge during vermicomposting. J Hazard
Mater 153(3):1023–1030
Hait S, Tare V (2012) Transformation and availability of nutrients and heavy metals during
integrated composting–vermicomposting of sewage sludges. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf
79:214–224
Huang K, Xia H (2018) Role of earthworms' mucus in vermicomposting system: biodegradation
tests based on humification and microbial activity. Sci Total Environ 610:703–708
Huang K, Xia H, Cui G, Li F (2017) Effects of earthworms on nitrification and ammonia oxidizers
in vermicomposting systems for recycling of fruit and vegetable wastes. Sci Total Environ
578:337–345
Huang K, Xia H, Wu Y, Chen J, Cui G, Li F et al (2018) Effects of earthworms on the fate of
tetracycline and fluoroquinolone resistance genes of sewage sludge during vermicomposting.
Bioresour Technol 259:32–39
Ludibeth SM, Marina IE, Vicenta EM (2012) Vermicomposting of sewage sludge: earthworm
population and agronomic advantages. Compost Sci Util 20(1):11–17
Lv B, Xing M, Zhao C, Yang J, Xiang L (2014) Towards understanding the stabilization process in
vermicomposting using PARAFAC analysis of fluorescence spectra. Chemosphere
117:216–222
Lv B, Xing M, Yang J, Zhang L (2015) Pyrosequencing reveals bacterial community differences in
composting and vermicomposting on the stabilization of mixed sewage sludge and cattle dung.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 99(24):10703–10712
66
K. Huang et al.