Goswami L, Sarkar S, Mukherjee S, Das S, Barman S, Raul P et al (2014) Vermicomposting of tea
factory coal ash: metal accumulation and metallothionein response in Eisenia fetida (Savigny)
and Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). Bioresour Technol 166:96–102
Goswami L, Pratihar S, Dasgupta S, Bhattacharyya P, Mudoi P, Bora J et al (2016) Exploring metal
detoxification and accumulation potential during vermicomposting of tea factory coal ash:
sequential extraction and fluorescence probe analysis. Sci Rep 6:30402
Gupta H (2015) A review on effectiveness of earthworms for treatment of wastewater. Int J Eng Dev
3(3):1–4
Hamdani A, Mountadar M, Assobhei O (2005) Comparative study of the efficacy of three
coagulants in treating dairy factory waste water. Int J Dairy Technol 58(2):83–88
Jatin BP (2018) Wastewater treatment by vermifiltration: a review. Int J Latest Technol Eng Manag
Appl Sci 7:2278–2540
Jeevitha P, Kiran BM, Manohara B, Sham Sundar KM, Nagarajappa DP (2016) Study on application and validation of vermifiltration in diary effluent treatment. Int J Innovat Res Sci Eng
Technol 5(8):14901–14906
Jiang L, Liu Y, Hu X, Zeng G, Wang H, Zhou L et al (2016) The use of microbial-earthworm
ecofilters for wastewater treatment with special attention to influencing factors in performance: a
review. Bioresour Technol 200:999–1007
Komarowski S (2001) Vermiculture for sewage and water treatment sludges. Water-Melbourne
Then Artarmon 28(5):39–43
Konnerup D, Koottatep T, Brix H (2009) Treatment of domestic wastewater in tropical, subsurface
flow constructed wetlands planted with Canna and Heliconia. Ecol Eng 35(2):248–257
Lai E, Hess M, Mitloehner F (2018) Profiling of the microbiome associated with nitrogen removal
during vermifiltration of wastewater from a commercial dairy. Front Microbiol 9:1964
Lakshmi C, Ranjitha J, Vijayalakshmi S (2014) Waste water treatment using vermifiltration
technique at institutional level. Int J Adv Sci Tech Res 1(4):581–590
Li YS, Robin P, Cluzeau D, Bouché M, Qiu JP, Laplanche A et al (2008) Vermifiltration as a stage
in reuse of swine wastewater: monitoring methodology on an experimental farm. Ecol Eng 32
(4):301–309
Li YS, Xiao YQ, Qiu JP, Dai YQ, Robin P (2009) Continuous village sewage treatment by
vermifiltration and activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 60(11):3001–3010
Lin YF, Jing SR, Wang TW, Lee DY (2002) Effects of macrophytes and external carbon sources on
nitrate removal from groundwater in constructed wetlands. Environ Pollut 119(3):413–420
Liu J, Lu Z, Yang J, Xing M, Yu F, Guo M (2012) Effect of earthworms on the performance and
microbial communities of excess sludge treatment process in vermifilter. Bioresour Technol
117:214–221
Liu J, Lu Z, Zhang J, Xing M, Yang J (2013) Phylogenetic characterization of microbial communities in a full-scale vermifilter treating rural domestic sewage. Ecol Eng 61:100–109
Luth PR, Germain P, Lecomte M, Landrain B, Li Y, Cluzeau D (2011) Earthworm effects on
gaseous emissions during vermifiltration of pig fresh slurry. Bioresour Technol 102
(4):3679–3686
Manyuchi L, Kadzungura L, Boka S (2013a) Vermifiltration of sewage wastewater for potential use
in irrigation purposes using eisenia fetida earthworms. World Acad Sci Eng Technol
78:538–542
Manyuchi MM, Kadzungura L, Phiri A, Muredzi P (2013b) Effect of vermicompost, vermiwash
and application time on Zea mays growth. Int J Sci Eng Technol 2(7):638–641
Manyuchi MM, Mbohwa C, Muzenda E (2018) Biological treatment of distillery wastewater by
application of the vermifiltration technology. S Afr J Chem Eng 25:74–78
Marshall FM, Holden J, Ghose C, Chisala B, Kapungwe E, Volk J et al (2007) Contaminated
irrigation water and food safety for the urban and peri-urban poor: appropriate measures for
monitoring and control from field research in India and Zambia. Incpetion Report DFID Enkar,
8160
3 Treatment of Wastewater by Vermifiltration Integrated with Plants
49
factory coal ash: metal accumulation and metallothionein response in Eisenia fetida (Savigny)
and Lampito mauritii (Kinberg). Bioresour Technol 166:96–102
Goswami L, Pratihar S, Dasgupta S, Bhattacharyya P, Mudoi P, Bora J et al (2016) Exploring metal
detoxification and accumulation potential during vermicomposting of tea factory coal ash:
sequential extraction and fluorescence probe analysis. Sci Rep 6:30402
Gupta H (2015) A review on effectiveness of earthworms for treatment of wastewater. Int J Eng Dev
3(3):1–4
Hamdani A, Mountadar M, Assobhei O (2005) Comparative study of the efficacy of three
coagulants in treating dairy factory waste water. Int J Dairy Technol 58(2):83–88
Jatin BP (2018) Wastewater treatment by vermifiltration: a review. Int J Latest Technol Eng Manag
Appl Sci 7:2278–2540
Jeevitha P, Kiran BM, Manohara B, Sham Sundar KM, Nagarajappa DP (2016) Study on application and validation of vermifiltration in diary effluent treatment. Int J Innovat Res Sci Eng
Technol 5(8):14901–14906
Jiang L, Liu Y, Hu X, Zeng G, Wang H, Zhou L et al (2016) The use of microbial-earthworm
ecofilters for wastewater treatment with special attention to influencing factors in performance: a
review. Bioresour Technol 200:999–1007
Komarowski S (2001) Vermiculture for sewage and water treatment sludges. Water-Melbourne
Then Artarmon 28(5):39–43
Konnerup D, Koottatep T, Brix H (2009) Treatment of domestic wastewater in tropical, subsurface
flow constructed wetlands planted with Canna and Heliconia. Ecol Eng 35(2):248–257
Lai E, Hess M, Mitloehner F (2018) Profiling of the microbiome associated with nitrogen removal
during vermifiltration of wastewater from a commercial dairy. Front Microbiol 9:1964
Lakshmi C, Ranjitha J, Vijayalakshmi S (2014) Waste water treatment using vermifiltration
technique at institutional level. Int J Adv Sci Tech Res 1(4):581–590
Li YS, Robin P, Cluzeau D, Bouché M, Qiu JP, Laplanche A et al (2008) Vermifiltration as a stage
in reuse of swine wastewater: monitoring methodology on an experimental farm. Ecol Eng 32
(4):301–309
Li YS, Xiao YQ, Qiu JP, Dai YQ, Robin P (2009) Continuous village sewage treatment by
vermifiltration and activated sludge process. Water Sci Technol 60(11):3001–3010
Lin YF, Jing SR, Wang TW, Lee DY (2002) Effects of macrophytes and external carbon sources on
nitrate removal from groundwater in constructed wetlands. Environ Pollut 119(3):413–420
Liu J, Lu Z, Yang J, Xing M, Yu F, Guo M (2012) Effect of earthworms on the performance and
microbial communities of excess sludge treatment process in vermifilter. Bioresour Technol
117:214–221
Liu J, Lu Z, Zhang J, Xing M, Yang J (2013) Phylogenetic characterization of microbial communities in a full-scale vermifilter treating rural domestic sewage. Ecol Eng 61:100–109
Luth PR, Germain P, Lecomte M, Landrain B, Li Y, Cluzeau D (2011) Earthworm effects on
gaseous emissions during vermifiltration of pig fresh slurry. Bioresour Technol 102
(4):3679–3686
Manyuchi L, Kadzungura L, Boka S (2013a) Vermifiltration of sewage wastewater for potential use
in irrigation purposes using eisenia fetida earthworms. World Acad Sci Eng Technol
78:538–542
Manyuchi MM, Kadzungura L, Phiri A, Muredzi P (2013b) Effect of vermicompost, vermiwash
and application time on Zea mays growth. Int J Sci Eng Technol 2(7):638–641
Manyuchi MM, Mbohwa C, Muzenda E (2018) Biological treatment of distillery wastewater by
application of the vermifiltration technology. S Afr J Chem Eng 25:74–78
Marshall FM, Holden J, Ghose C, Chisala B, Kapungwe E, Volk J et al (2007) Contaminated
irrigation water and food safety for the urban and peri-urban poor: appropriate measures for
monitoring and control from field research in India and Zambia. Incpetion Report DFID Enkar,
8160
3 Treatment of Wastewater by Vermifiltration Integrated with Plants
49