Pattnaik S, Reddy MV (2010) Assessment of municipal solid waste management in Puducherry
(Pondicherry), India. Resourc Conserv Recycl 54:512–520
Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2017) Treatment of wastewater by vermifiltration integrated with
macrophyte filter: a review. J Environ Chem Eng 5(3):2274–2289
Shahmansouri MR, Pourmoghadas H, Parvaresh AR, Alidadi H (2005) Heavy metals
bioaccumulation by Iranian and Australian earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in the sewage sludge
vermicomposting. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2:28–32
Sharma KS (2003) Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting employing exotic
and local species of earthworms. Bioresour Technol 90:169–173
Shrestha P, Bellitürk K, Görres JH (2019) Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by
switchgrass: a comparative study utilizing different composts and coir fiber on pollution
remediation, plant productivity, and nutrient leaching. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16
(7):1261
Singh J, Kaur A, Vig AP, Rup PJ (2010) Role of Eisenia fetida in rapid recycling of nutrients from
bio sludge of beverage industry. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73:430–435
Singh K, Bhartiya DK, Chauhan HK, Rai R, Singh RN (2014a) Bioaccumulation of cobalt and lead
by earthworm Eisenia fetida from sewage sludge with different cattle dung during
vermicomposting. Res J Sci Technol 6(4):175–179
Singh RK, Gupta NC, Guha BK (2014b) pH dependence leaching characteristics of selected metals
from coal fly ash and its impact on groundwater quality. Int J Chem Environ Eng 5:218–222
Singh S, Bhat SA, Singh J, Kaur R, Vig AP (2016) Vermistabilization of thermal power plant fly
ash using Eisenia Fetida. J Ind Pollut Control 32(2):554–561
Singh R, Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2019) Vermifiltration as a sustainable natural treatment
technology for the treatment and reuse of wastewater: a review. J Environ Manag 247:140–151
Suthar S (2006) Potential utilization of guargum industrial waste in vermicompost production.
Bioresour Technol 97:2474–2477
Suthar S (2009) Bioremediation of agricultural wastes through vermicomposting. Bioremediation
13(1):21–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/1088986080269051
Suthar S, Sharma P (2013) Vermicomposting of toxic weed-Lantana camara biomass: chemical and
microbial properties changes and assessment of toxicity of end product using seed bioassay.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 95:179–187
Suzuki KT, Yamamura M, Mori T (1980) Cadmium binding proteins induced in the earthworm.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 9(4):415–424
Tripathi PSM, Singh G, Singh RC (1997) Prospects of bulk utilization of fly ash for soil amendment
and management of degraded lands vis-à-vis environmental problems. In: First All India
Peoples’ Technology congress, Kolkata
Usmani Z, Kumar V, Mritunjay SK (2017) Vermicomposting of coal fly ash using epigeic and
epi-endogeic earthworm species: nutrient dynamics and metal remediation. R Soc Chem Adv 7
(9):4876–4890
Vig AP, Singh J, Wani SH, Dhaliwal SS (2011) Vermicomposting of tannery sludge mixed with
cattle dung into valuable manure using earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny). Bioresour Technol
102(17):7941–7945
Waseem MA, Giraddi RS, Math KK (2013) Assessment of nutrients and microflora in
vermicompost enriched with various organics. J Exp Zool India 16:697–703
Wikipedia (n.d.) Fly Ash. The free encyclopedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ash-12k
Wong JWC, Li SWY, Wong MH (1995) Coal fly ash as a composting material for sewage sludge:
effects on microbial activities. Environ Technol 16(6):527–537
Wu S, Shen Z, Yang C, Zhou Y, Li X, Zeng G, Ai S, He H (2016) Effects of C/N ratio and bulking
agent on speciation of Zn and Cu and enzymatic activity during pig manure composting. Int
Biodeter Biodegr 119:429–436
Wu J, Zhao Y, Qi H, Zhao X, Yang T, Du Y, Zhang H, Wei Z (2017) Identifying the key factors that
affect the formation of humic substance during different materials composting. Bioresour
Technol 244:1193–1196
17 Earthworm-Assisted Amelioration of Thermal Ash
295
(Pondicherry), India. Resourc Conserv Recycl 54:512–520
Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2017) Treatment of wastewater by vermifiltration integrated with
macrophyte filter: a review. J Environ Chem Eng 5(3):2274–2289
Shahmansouri MR, Pourmoghadas H, Parvaresh AR, Alidadi H (2005) Heavy metals
bioaccumulation by Iranian and Australian earthworms (Eisenia fetida) in the sewage sludge
vermicomposting. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 2:28–32
Sharma KS (2003) Municipal solid waste management through vermicomposting employing exotic
and local species of earthworms. Bioresour Technol 90:169–173
Shrestha P, Bellitürk K, Görres JH (2019) Phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil by
switchgrass: a comparative study utilizing different composts and coir fiber on pollution
remediation, plant productivity, and nutrient leaching. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16
(7):1261
Singh J, Kaur A, Vig AP, Rup PJ (2010) Role of Eisenia fetida in rapid recycling of nutrients from
bio sludge of beverage industry. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 73:430–435
Singh K, Bhartiya DK, Chauhan HK, Rai R, Singh RN (2014a) Bioaccumulation of cobalt and lead
by earthworm Eisenia fetida from sewage sludge with different cattle dung during
vermicomposting. Res J Sci Technol 6(4):175–179
Singh RK, Gupta NC, Guha BK (2014b) pH dependence leaching characteristics of selected metals
from coal fly ash and its impact on groundwater quality. Int J Chem Environ Eng 5:218–222
Singh S, Bhat SA, Singh J, Kaur R, Vig AP (2016) Vermistabilization of thermal power plant fly
ash using Eisenia Fetida. J Ind Pollut Control 32(2):554–561
Singh R, Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2019) Vermifiltration as a sustainable natural treatment
technology for the treatment and reuse of wastewater: a review. J Environ Manag 247:140–151
Suthar S (2006) Potential utilization of guargum industrial waste in vermicompost production.
Bioresour Technol 97:2474–2477
Suthar S (2009) Bioremediation of agricultural wastes through vermicomposting. Bioremediation
13(1):21–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/1088986080269051
Suthar S, Sharma P (2013) Vermicomposting of toxic weed-Lantana camara biomass: chemical and
microbial properties changes and assessment of toxicity of end product using seed bioassay.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 95:179–187
Suzuki KT, Yamamura M, Mori T (1980) Cadmium binding proteins induced in the earthworm.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 9(4):415–424
Tripathi PSM, Singh G, Singh RC (1997) Prospects of bulk utilization of fly ash for soil amendment
and management of degraded lands vis-à-vis environmental problems. In: First All India
Peoples’ Technology congress, Kolkata
Usmani Z, Kumar V, Mritunjay SK (2017) Vermicomposting of coal fly ash using epigeic and
epi-endogeic earthworm species: nutrient dynamics and metal remediation. R Soc Chem Adv 7
(9):4876–4890
Vig AP, Singh J, Wani SH, Dhaliwal SS (2011) Vermicomposting of tannery sludge mixed with
cattle dung into valuable manure using earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny). Bioresour Technol
102(17):7941–7945
Waseem MA, Giraddi RS, Math KK (2013) Assessment of nutrients and microflora in
vermicompost enriched with various organics. J Exp Zool India 16:697–703
Wikipedia (n.d.) Fly Ash. The free encyclopedia. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_ash-12k
Wong JWC, Li SWY, Wong MH (1995) Coal fly ash as a composting material for sewage sludge:
effects on microbial activities. Environ Technol 16(6):527–537
Wu S, Shen Z, Yang C, Zhou Y, Li X, Zeng G, Ai S, He H (2016) Effects of C/N ratio and bulking
agent on speciation of Zn and Cu and enzymatic activity during pig manure composting. Int
Biodeter Biodegr 119:429–436
Wu J, Zhao Y, Qi H, Zhao X, Yang T, Du Y, Zhang H, Wei Z (2017) Identifying the key factors that
affect the formation of humic substance during different materials composting. Bioresour
Technol 244:1193–1196
17 Earthworm-Assisted Amelioration of Thermal Ash
295