is clear that vermicomposting could be an efficient technology for the management
of distillery sludge.
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Environmental Forest and Climate
Change (MOEF&CC), Government of India, New Delhi for financial support and encouragement.
They also acknowledge the DST-FIST, DST-PURSE, UGC-SAP and MHRD-RUSA for providing
the instrumentation facilities in the department.
References
Arumugam K, Ganesan S, Muthunarayanan V, Vivek S, Sugumar S, Munusamy V (2015)
Potentiality of Eisenia fetida to degrade disposable paper cups-an ecofriendly solution to solid
waste pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(4):2868–2876
Bertran E, Sort X, Soliva M, Trillas I (2004) Composting winery waste: sludges and grape stalks.
Bioresour Technol 95(2):203–208
Biradar PM, Biradar VA (2015) Influence of organic wastes on the biology of epigeic earthworm,
Perionyx excavatus during different seasons. J Environ Biol 36(5):1095
Cancio I, Ap Gwynn I, Ireland MP, Cajaraville MP (1995) The effect of sublethal lead exposure on
the ultrastructure and on the distribution of acid phosphatase activity in chloragocytes of
earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Histochem J 27(12):965–973
Dallinger-Marianne J, Kohler-Vibeke HDHR, Weeks SRTJM (2000) Biomarkers in terrestrial
invertebrates for ecotoxicological soil risk assessment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 164
(93):93–103
Dedeke GA, Owagboriaye FO, Adebambo AO, Ademolu KO (2016) Earthworm metallothionein
production as biomarker of heavy metal pollution in abattoir soil. Appl Soil Ecol 104:42–47
Demuynck S, Grumiaux F, Mottier V, Schikorski D, Lemière S, Leprêtre A (2006) Metallothionein
response following cadmium exposure in the oligochaete Eisenia fetida. Comp Biochem
Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 144(1):34–46
Edwards CA, Bohlen PJ (1996) Biology and ecology of earthworms, vol 3. Springer Science &
Business Media
Gastaldi L, Ranzato E, Capri F, Hankard P, Pérès G, Canesi L et al (2007) Application of a
biomarker battery for the evaluation of the sublethal effects of pollutants in the earthworm
Eisenia andrei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 146(3):398–405
Gupta SK, Tewari A, Srivastava R, Murthy RC, Chandra S (2005) Potential of Eisenia foetida for
sustainable and efficient vermicomposting of fly ash. Water Air Soil Pollut 163(1–4):293–302
Homa J, Olchawa E, Stürzenbaum SR, Morgan AJ, Plytycz B (2005) Early-phase immunodetection
of metallothionein and heat shock proteins in extruded earthworm coelomocytes after dermal
exposure to metal ions. Environ Pollut 135(2):275–280
Inbar Y, Hadar Y, Chen Y (1992) Characterization of humic substances formed during the
composting of solid wastes from wineries. Sci Total Environ 113(1–2):35–48
Kamitani T, Kaneko N (2007) Species-specific heavy metal accumulation patterns of earthworms
on a floodplain in Japan. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 66(1):82–91
Kiliç GA (2011) Histopathological and biochemical alterations of the earthworm (Lumbricus
terrestris) as biomarker of soil pollution along Porsuk River Basin (Turkey). Chemosphere 83
(8):1175–1180
Lemtiri A, Liénard A, Alabi T, Brostaux Y, Cluzeau D, Francis F, Colinet G (2016) Earthworms
Eisenia fetida affect the uptake of heavy metals by plants Vicia faba and Zea mays in metalcontaminated soils. Appl Soil Ecol 104:67–78
16 Toxicity and Histopathological Effect of Distillery Industrial Sludge on the. . .
277
of distillery sludge.
Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Environmental Forest and Climate
Change (MOEF&CC), Government of India, New Delhi for financial support and encouragement.
They also acknowledge the DST-FIST, DST-PURSE, UGC-SAP and MHRD-RUSA for providing
the instrumentation facilities in the department.
References
Arumugam K, Ganesan S, Muthunarayanan V, Vivek S, Sugumar S, Munusamy V (2015)
Potentiality of Eisenia fetida to degrade disposable paper cups-an ecofriendly solution to solid
waste pollution. Environ Sci Pollut Res 22(4):2868–2876
Bertran E, Sort X, Soliva M, Trillas I (2004) Composting winery waste: sludges and grape stalks.
Bioresour Technol 95(2):203–208
Biradar PM, Biradar VA (2015) Influence of organic wastes on the biology of epigeic earthworm,
Perionyx excavatus during different seasons. J Environ Biol 36(5):1095
Cancio I, Ap Gwynn I, Ireland MP, Cajaraville MP (1995) The effect of sublethal lead exposure on
the ultrastructure and on the distribution of acid phosphatase activity in chloragocytes of
earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta). Histochem J 27(12):965–973
Dallinger-Marianne J, Kohler-Vibeke HDHR, Weeks SRTJM (2000) Biomarkers in terrestrial
invertebrates for ecotoxicological soil risk assessment. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 164
(93):93–103
Dedeke GA, Owagboriaye FO, Adebambo AO, Ademolu KO (2016) Earthworm metallothionein
production as biomarker of heavy metal pollution in abattoir soil. Appl Soil Ecol 104:42–47
Demuynck S, Grumiaux F, Mottier V, Schikorski D, Lemière S, Leprêtre A (2006) Metallothionein
response following cadmium exposure in the oligochaete Eisenia fetida. Comp Biochem
Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 144(1):34–46
Edwards CA, Bohlen PJ (1996) Biology and ecology of earthworms, vol 3. Springer Science &
Business Media
Gastaldi L, Ranzato E, Capri F, Hankard P, Pérès G, Canesi L et al (2007) Application of a
biomarker battery for the evaluation of the sublethal effects of pollutants in the earthworm
Eisenia andrei. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 146(3):398–405
Gupta SK, Tewari A, Srivastava R, Murthy RC, Chandra S (2005) Potential of Eisenia foetida for
sustainable and efficient vermicomposting of fly ash. Water Air Soil Pollut 163(1–4):293–302
Homa J, Olchawa E, Stürzenbaum SR, Morgan AJ, Plytycz B (2005) Early-phase immunodetection
of metallothionein and heat shock proteins in extruded earthworm coelomocytes after dermal
exposure to metal ions. Environ Pollut 135(2):275–280
Inbar Y, Hadar Y, Chen Y (1992) Characterization of humic substances formed during the
composting of solid wastes from wineries. Sci Total Environ 113(1–2):35–48
Kamitani T, Kaneko N (2007) Species-specific heavy metal accumulation patterns of earthworms
on a floodplain in Japan. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 66(1):82–91
Kiliç GA (2011) Histopathological and biochemical alterations of the earthworm (Lumbricus
terrestris) as biomarker of soil pollution along Porsuk River Basin (Turkey). Chemosphere 83
(8):1175–1180
Lemtiri A, Liénard A, Alabi T, Brostaux Y, Cluzeau D, Francis F, Colinet G (2016) Earthworms
Eisenia fetida affect the uptake of heavy metals by plants Vicia faba and Zea mays in metalcontaminated soils. Appl Soil Ecol 104:67–78
16 Toxicity and Histopathological Effect of Distillery Industrial Sludge on the. . .
277