Acknowledgments This study acknowledges Vidyasagar University for supporting all sorts of
laboratory and computer facilities.
Conflict of Interest: Authors have no conflict of interest.
References
Ahirwar CS, Hussain A (2015) Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of vegetable
crops. Int J Appl Pure Sci Agric 1(8):49–56
Aira M, Monroy F, Domínguez J (2006) Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) activates fungal
growth, triggering cellulose decomposition during vermicomposting. Microb Ecol 52(4):738
Ansari AA, Jaikishun S, Islam MA, Kuri SK, Fiedler K, Nandwani D (2016) Principles of
vermitechnology in sustainable organic farming with special reference to Bangladesh. In:
Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Springer, Cham, pp 213–229
Arancon NQ, Solarte Z (2019). Vermiculture in greenhouse plants, field crop production, and
hydroponics. In: Oxford research encyclopedia of environmental science. https://oxfordre.com/
environmentalscience/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.001.0001/acrefore-97801993894
14-e-295
Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Yardim EN, Oliver TJ, Byrne RJ, Keeney G (2007) Suppression of
two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), mealy bug (Pseudococcus sp) and aphid (Myzus
persicae) populations and damage by vermicomposts. Crop Prot 26(1):29–39
Bhat SA, Singh S, Singh J, Kumar S, Vig AP (2018) Bioremediation and detoxification of industrial
wastes by earthworms: vermicompost as powerful crop nutrient in sustainable agriculture.
Bioresour Technol 252:172–179
Devi U, Singh KP, Kumar S, Sewhag M (2014) Effect of nitrogen levels, organic manures and
Azotobacter inoculation on yield and economics of multi-cut oats. Forage Res 40:36–43
Dominguez J, Edwards CA (2004) Vermicomposting organic wastes: a review. In: Soil zoology for
sustainable development in the 21st century. Cairo, pp 369–395
Fernández-Gómez MJ, Nogales R, Insam H, Romero E, Goberna M (2012) Use of DGGE and
COMPOCHIP for investigating bacterial communities of various vermicomposts produced
from different wastes under dissimilar conditions. Sci Total Environ 414:664–671
Ganguly RK, Chakraborty SK (2018) Assessment of microbial roles in the bioconversion of paper
mill sludge through vermicomposting. J Environ Health Sci Eng 16(2):205. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s40201-018-0308-4
Ganguly RK, Chakraborty SK (2019) Assessment of qualitative enrichment of organic paper mill
wastes through vermicomposting: humification factor and time of maturity. Heliyon 5(5):
e01638
Ganguly RK, Midya S, Chakraborty SK (2018) Antioxidant and anticancer roles of a novel strain of
Bacillus anthracis isolated from vermicompost prepared from paper mill sludge. Bio Med
Research International, Article ID 1073687, 7p, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1073687
Hussain N, Abbasi T, Abbasi SA (2016) Transformation of the pernicious and toxic weed
parthenium into an organic fertilizer by vermicomposting. Int J Environ Stud 73(5):731–745
Joshi R, Singh J, Vig AP (2015) Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol
agent: effect on growth, yield and quality of plants. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 14(1):137–159
Kästner M, Mahro B (1996) Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils
affected by the organic matrix of compost. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 44(5):668–675
Kaushik P, Garg VK (2003) Vermicomposting of mixed solid textile mill sludge and cow dung with
the epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida. Bioresour Technol 90(3):311–316
Kostina NV, Bogdanova TV, Umarov MM (2011) Biological activity of the coprolites of earthworms. Moscow Univ Soil Sci Bull 66(1):18–23
176
R. K. Ganguly and S. K. Chakraborty
laboratory and computer facilities.
Conflict of Interest: Authors have no conflict of interest.
References
Ahirwar CS, Hussain A (2015) Effect of vermicompost on growth, yield and quality of vegetable
crops. Int J Appl Pure Sci Agric 1(8):49–56
Aira M, Monroy F, Domínguez J (2006) Eisenia fetida (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) activates fungal
growth, triggering cellulose decomposition during vermicomposting. Microb Ecol 52(4):738
Ansari AA, Jaikishun S, Islam MA, Kuri SK, Fiedler K, Nandwani D (2016) Principles of
vermitechnology in sustainable organic farming with special reference to Bangladesh. In:
Organic farming for sustainable agriculture. Springer, Cham, pp 213–229
Arancon NQ, Solarte Z (2019). Vermiculture in greenhouse plants, field crop production, and
hydroponics. In: Oxford research encyclopedia of environmental science. https://oxfordre.com/
environmentalscience/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199389414.001.0001/acrefore-97801993894
14-e-295
Arancon NQ, Edwards CA, Yardim EN, Oliver TJ, Byrne RJ, Keeney G (2007) Suppression of
two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae), mealy bug (Pseudococcus sp) and aphid (Myzus
persicae) populations and damage by vermicomposts. Crop Prot 26(1):29–39
Bhat SA, Singh S, Singh J, Kumar S, Vig AP (2018) Bioremediation and detoxification of industrial
wastes by earthworms: vermicompost as powerful crop nutrient in sustainable agriculture.
Bioresour Technol 252:172–179
Devi U, Singh KP, Kumar S, Sewhag M (2014) Effect of nitrogen levels, organic manures and
Azotobacter inoculation on yield and economics of multi-cut oats. Forage Res 40:36–43
Dominguez J, Edwards CA (2004) Vermicomposting organic wastes: a review. In: Soil zoology for
sustainable development in the 21st century. Cairo, pp 369–395
Fernández-Gómez MJ, Nogales R, Insam H, Romero E, Goberna M (2012) Use of DGGE and
COMPOCHIP for investigating bacterial communities of various vermicomposts produced
from different wastes under dissimilar conditions. Sci Total Environ 414:664–671
Ganguly RK, Chakraborty SK (2018) Assessment of microbial roles in the bioconversion of paper
mill sludge through vermicomposting. J Environ Health Sci Eng 16(2):205. https://doi.org/10.
1007/s40201-018-0308-4
Ganguly RK, Chakraborty SK (2019) Assessment of qualitative enrichment of organic paper mill
wastes through vermicomposting: humification factor and time of maturity. Heliyon 5(5):
e01638
Ganguly RK, Midya S, Chakraborty SK (2018) Antioxidant and anticancer roles of a novel strain of
Bacillus anthracis isolated from vermicompost prepared from paper mill sludge. Bio Med
Research International, Article ID 1073687, 7p, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/1073687
Hussain N, Abbasi T, Abbasi SA (2016) Transformation of the pernicious and toxic weed
parthenium into an organic fertilizer by vermicomposting. Int J Environ Stud 73(5):731–745
Joshi R, Singh J, Vig AP (2015) Vermicompost as an effective organic fertilizer and biocontrol
agent: effect on growth, yield and quality of plants. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 14(1):137–159
Kästner M, Mahro B (1996) Microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils
affected by the organic matrix of compost. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 44(5):668–675
Kaushik P, Garg VK (2003) Vermicomposting of mixed solid textile mill sludge and cow dung with
the epigeic earthworm Eisenia foetida. Bioresour Technol 90(3):311–316
Kostina NV, Bogdanova TV, Umarov MM (2011) Biological activity of the coprolites of earthworms. Moscow Univ Soil Sci Bull 66(1):18–23
176
R. K. Ganguly and S. K. Chakraborty