10.9 Conclusion
Advancement of human activities cannot conquer nature. Nature incorporates
human, as a holder, and therefore harmony is important to orchestrate the enthusiasm
of both man and nature. Farming is no exception to this. A strong collaboration
always exists between organism and multitude of abiotic factors for the maintenance
of healthy ecosystem in any given ecosystem. Comprehension of nature is mandatory to establish sustainability.
Waste management systems are considerably predisposed to different environmental, socio-economic factors, population growth, and advancement in waste
disposal systems. Henceforth, many countries have shifted their age-old techniques
in disposing wastes in land filling and have developed novel eco-sustainable
methods for recycling of wastes. In order to meet the demands of sustainable
development, ‘zero waste’ concept is being accentuated globally to create a platform
for reutilization of different wastes, such as agricultural, household, and other
organic wastes, for the betterment of future generations. The most fundamental
and integral part of agriculture is the quality of the soil. Use of different chemical
fertilizers poses a great threat to human health and exploits the natural microfauna of
Table 10.1 GC-MS spectra revealing list of compounds at 0th day of vermicomposting of a paper
mill sludge (Ganguly and Chakraborty 2019)
Peak R. Time
Area
%
Compound name
1
14.062
2.92 Pentadecane
2
15.625
22.20 1,2-Benzoldicarbonsaeure, di-(hex-1-en-5-yl-ester)
3
15.725
7.81 2-Propenoic acid, propyl ester
4
21.749
3.75 Silane, trimethyl(1-methyl-1-phenylethoxy)5
22.502
4.65 Isopropyl(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)
Phosphinous chloride
6
23.492
2.90 Cyclohexanol, 4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]7
23.864
6.88 Benzenepropanoic acid, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester
8
25.032
6.00 [(T-butyl)dimethylsilyl] phenylacetate
9
25.604
7.46 Caprolactimether, (nb)-o-[(diethylboryloxy)(ethyl)boryl]10
26.142
2.92 Cyclohexanol, 3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-, trans11
27.401
4.90 1H-Purine-8-propanoic acid, alpha-amino-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3,7Trimethyl-2,6-dioxo
12
27.560
3.66 5 h-Dibenz[b,f]azepine, 5-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-10,11-dihydro13
28.284
3.93 2-Butanone, 1-(2-furanyl)14
28.681
5.68 Phosphorous acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
15
28.742
3.90 1-Iodo-4-hexyne
16
29.737
2.77 Valerophenone, 4
0 -(trimethylsiloxy)17
29.975
4.65 2-Butyn-1-al diethyl acetal
18
30.233
trimethylaR.Time is Retention Time
174
R. K. Ganguly and S. K. Chakraborty
Advancement of human activities cannot conquer nature. Nature incorporates
human, as a holder, and therefore harmony is important to orchestrate the enthusiasm
of both man and nature. Farming is no exception to this. A strong collaboration
always exists between organism and multitude of abiotic factors for the maintenance
of healthy ecosystem in any given ecosystem. Comprehension of nature is mandatory to establish sustainability.
Waste management systems are considerably predisposed to different environmental, socio-economic factors, population growth, and advancement in waste
disposal systems. Henceforth, many countries have shifted their age-old techniques
in disposing wastes in land filling and have developed novel eco-sustainable
methods for recycling of wastes. In order to meet the demands of sustainable
development, ‘zero waste’ concept is being accentuated globally to create a platform
for reutilization of different wastes, such as agricultural, household, and other
organic wastes, for the betterment of future generations. The most fundamental
and integral part of agriculture is the quality of the soil. Use of different chemical
fertilizers poses a great threat to human health and exploits the natural microfauna of
Table 10.1 GC-MS spectra revealing list of compounds at 0th day of vermicomposting of a paper
mill sludge (Ganguly and Chakraborty 2019)
Peak R. Time
Area
%
Compound name
1
14.062
2.92 Pentadecane
2
15.625
22.20 1,2-Benzoldicarbonsaeure, di-(hex-1-en-5-yl-ester)
3
15.725
7.81 2-Propenoic acid, propyl ester
4
21.749
3.75 Silane, trimethyl(1-methyl-1-phenylethoxy)5
22.502
4.65 Isopropyl(2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexyl)
Phosphinous chloride
6
23.492
2.90 Cyclohexanol, 4-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]7
23.864
6.88 Benzenepropanoic acid, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester
8
25.032
6.00 [(T-butyl)dimethylsilyl] phenylacetate
9
25.604
7.46 Caprolactimether, (nb)-o-[(diethylboryloxy)(ethyl)boryl]10
26.142
2.92 Cyclohexanol, 3-[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]-, trans11
27.401
4.90 1H-Purine-8-propanoic acid, alpha-amino-2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3,7Trimethyl-2,6-dioxo
12
27.560
3.66 5 h-Dibenz[b,f]azepine, 5-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)-10,11-dihydro13
28.284
3.93 2-Butanone, 1-(2-furanyl)14
28.681
5.68 Phosphorous acid, tris(2-ethylhexyl) ester
15
28.742
3.90 1-Iodo-4-hexyne
16
29.737
2.77 Valerophenone, 4
0 -(trimethylsiloxy)17
29.975
4.65 2-Butyn-1-al diethyl acetal
18
30.233
trimethylaR.Time is Retention Time
174
R. K. Ganguly and S. K. Chakraborty