Vymazal and Kröpfelová (2009) conducted a study on the efficiency of constructed
treatment wetlands.
7.5.7 Water Stabilization Ponds
Water stabilization ponds are an important phenomenon of natural wastewater
treatment. Treatment occurs in aquatic environment under the influence of aquatic
wetland bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton and high vegetation. On the basis
of availability of oxygen, there are two types of ponds (aerobic pond and
anaerobic pond).
Organisms available in stabilization pond are as follows:
• Producer: includes mixotrophic green organisms and autotrophic organisms, for
example, Euglena, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Chlorogonium, Monoraphidium,
and Cyanobacteria
• Consumer: includes zooplankton such as rotifers, Daphnia, Cladocera, and
copepods.
• Decomposer: includes both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria such as Zoogloea
ramigera, Chromatium, coccus, and filamentous bacteria (Husák et al. 1989)
(Table 7.1)
7.6 Conclusion
The presence of xenobiotic compounds and heavy metals in environment is natural
and harmless if they are present below certain limit. However, human actions have
accelerated the levels making these compounds more harmful to environment.
Though there are many conventional treatment methods available, all ended up
releasing certain chemicals as by-products. These by-products ultimately enter the
food chain which lead to biomagnification, thus causing millions of death every year.
It is very important to address these contaminants with proper treatment method in
order to either remove or convert them into harmless compounds. Biological
treatment method is the only technique which treat the waste without any detrimental
impacts to the environment. Biological treatment involves diverse form of life to
carry out the process. This method preferred to treat the waste because of its low
operation cost and less labor requirements and it is an easy-to-operate process. This
method is quite specific in nature; a particular bacterium or plant will act on
particular contaminants.
7 Natural Biological Treatment of Effluent and Sludges to Combat the Burden of. . .
117
treatment wetlands.
7.5.7 Water Stabilization Ponds
Water stabilization ponds are an important phenomenon of natural wastewater
treatment. Treatment occurs in aquatic environment under the influence of aquatic
wetland bacteria, phytoplankton, and zooplankton and high vegetation. On the basis
of availability of oxygen, there are two types of ponds (aerobic pond and
anaerobic pond).
Organisms available in stabilization pond are as follows:
• Producer: includes mixotrophic green organisms and autotrophic organisms, for
example, Euglena, Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, Chlorogonium, Monoraphidium,
and Cyanobacteria
• Consumer: includes zooplankton such as rotifers, Daphnia, Cladocera, and
copepods.
• Decomposer: includes both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria such as Zoogloea
ramigera, Chromatium, coccus, and filamentous bacteria (Husák et al. 1989)
(Table 7.1)
7.6 Conclusion
The presence of xenobiotic compounds and heavy metals in environment is natural
and harmless if they are present below certain limit. However, human actions have
accelerated the levels making these compounds more harmful to environment.
Though there are many conventional treatment methods available, all ended up
releasing certain chemicals as by-products. These by-products ultimately enter the
food chain which lead to biomagnification, thus causing millions of death every year.
It is very important to address these contaminants with proper treatment method in
order to either remove or convert them into harmless compounds. Biological
treatment method is the only technique which treat the waste without any detrimental
impacts to the environment. Biological treatment involves diverse form of life to
carry out the process. This method preferred to treat the waste because of its low
operation cost and less labor requirements and it is an easy-to-operate process. This
method is quite specific in nature; a particular bacterium or plant will act on
particular contaminants.
7 Natural Biological Treatment of Effluent and Sludges to Combat the Burden of. . .
117