7.5.5.3 Phytostabilization
Phytostabilization or phytoimmobilization is the use of metal-tolerant plants to
inhibit the movement of metals, thus lowering the risk of mobility of leachate to
groundwater (Singh 2012; Erakhrumen 2007). Plants used in this method are
Anthyllis vulneraria and Festuca arvernensis (Rani and Dhania 2014). In this
technique metals are chemically sequestered by complexation and sorption mechanism within the soils (Barceló and Poschenrieder 2003; Ghosh and Singh 2005;
Yoon et al. 2006).
7.5.5.4 Phytovolatilization
Phytovolatilization is the process in which wate soluble contaminants are absorbed
by plants root system and released into the atmosphere. The contaminants get
modified along the way as the water travels from roots to leaves. This technique
can be used for organic pollutants and some heavy metals like Hg and
Se. Phytovolatilization is mainly favorable to remediate or treat groundwater, but
it can be used to treat soil and sediments. Phytovolatilization is the most controversial of phytoremediation technologies (Padmavathiamma and Li 2007). In this
technique Arabidopsis thaliana plants are primarily used for the treatment of toxic
metals (Rani and Dhania 2014).
7.5.5.5 Rhizodegradation
Rhizodegradation refers to the degradation of organic pollutants by microbial action
in the rhizosphere (Mukhopadhyay and Maiti 2010). The exudates released by
plant’s roots attract and enhance the growth of microbes in the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere extends about 1 mm around the root and is under the influence of the plant
(Pilon-Smits 2005). The degradation of contaminates occurs in dynamic
rhizosphere.
7.5.6 Constructed Treatment Wetlands
Constructed treatment wetlands are natural ways to treat wastewater by constructing
filtration system often planted with reed, reed canary grass, and cattail. In order to
prevent clogging and to maintain surface flow, it is important to have filter material
with enough permeability. As the wastewater runs through the material, complex
physical, chemical, and biological processes occur, thus treating the wastewater.
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D. Angmo et al.
Phytostabilization or phytoimmobilization is the use of metal-tolerant plants to
inhibit the movement of metals, thus lowering the risk of mobility of leachate to
groundwater (Singh 2012; Erakhrumen 2007). Plants used in this method are
Anthyllis vulneraria and Festuca arvernensis (Rani and Dhania 2014). In this
technique metals are chemically sequestered by complexation and sorption mechanism within the soils (Barceló and Poschenrieder 2003; Ghosh and Singh 2005;
Yoon et al. 2006).
7.5.5.4 Phytovolatilization
Phytovolatilization is the process in which wate soluble contaminants are absorbed
by plants root system and released into the atmosphere. The contaminants get
modified along the way as the water travels from roots to leaves. This technique
can be used for organic pollutants and some heavy metals like Hg and
Se. Phytovolatilization is mainly favorable to remediate or treat groundwater, but
it can be used to treat soil and sediments. Phytovolatilization is the most controversial of phytoremediation technologies (Padmavathiamma and Li 2007). In this
technique Arabidopsis thaliana plants are primarily used for the treatment of toxic
metals (Rani and Dhania 2014).
7.5.5.5 Rhizodegradation
Rhizodegradation refers to the degradation of organic pollutants by microbial action
in the rhizosphere (Mukhopadhyay and Maiti 2010). The exudates released by
plant’s roots attract and enhance the growth of microbes in the rhizosphere. Rhizosphere extends about 1 mm around the root and is under the influence of the plant
(Pilon-Smits 2005). The degradation of contaminates occurs in dynamic
rhizosphere.
7.5.6 Constructed Treatment Wetlands
Constructed treatment wetlands are natural ways to treat wastewater by constructing
filtration system often planted with reed, reed canary grass, and cattail. In order to
prevent clogging and to maintain surface flow, it is important to have filter material
with enough permeability. As the wastewater runs through the material, complex
physical, chemical, and biological processes occur, thus treating the wastewater.
116
D. Angmo et al.