Nogales R, Elvira C, Benitez E, Thompson R, Gomez M (1999) Feasibility of vermicomposting
dairy biosolids using a modified system to avoid earthworm mortality. J Environ Sci Health B
34(1):151–169
Nogales R, Cifuentes C, Benitez E (2005) Vermicomposting of winery wastes: a laboratory study. J
Environ Sci Health B 40(4):659–673
Oste LA, Dolfing J, Ma WC, Lexmond TM (2001) Cadmium uptake by earthworms as related to the
availability in the soil and the intestine. Environ Toxicol Chem Int J 20(8):1785–1791
Pichtel J (2005) Waste management practices: municipal, hazardous, and industrial. CRC press,
Boca Raton
Pramanik P, Ghosh GK, Ghosal PK, Banik P (2007) Changes in organic–C, N, P and K and enzyme
activities in vermicompost of biodegradable organic wastes under liming and microbial inoculants. Bioresour Technol 98(13):2485–2494
Ramachandra TV, Bharath HA, Kulkarni G, Han SS (2018) Municipal solid waste: generation,
composition and GHG emissions in Bangalore, India. Renew Sust Energ Rev 82:1122–1136
Rao AG, Reddy TSK, Prakash SS, Vanajakshi J, Joseph J, Sarma PN (2007) pH regulation of
alkaline wastewater with carbon dioxide: a case study of treatment of brewery wastewater in a
UASB reactor coupled with absorber. Bioresour Technol 98(11):2131–2136
Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2017) Treatment of wastewater by vermifiltration integrated with
macrophyte filter: a review. J Environ Chem Eng 5(3):2274–2289
Samal K, Mohan AR, Chaudhary N, Moulick S (2019) Application of vermitechnology in waste
management: a review on mechanism and performance. J Environ Chem Eng 7:103392. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103392
Satchell JE (1983) Earthworm microbiology. In: Earthworm ecology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp
351–364
Sheehan GJ, Greenfield PF (1980) Utilisation, treatment, and disposal of distillery wastewater.
Water Res 14(3):257–277
Sim EYS, Wu TY (2010) The potential reuse of biodegradable municipal solid wastes (MSW) as
feedstocks in vermicomposting. J Sci Food Agric 90(13):2153–2162
Singh R, Bhunia P, Dash RR (2019a) Optimization of organics removal and understanding the
impact of HRT on vermifiltration of brewery wastewater. Sci Total Environ 651:1283–1293
Singh R, Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2019b) Vermifiltration as a sustainable natural treatment
technology for the treatment and reuse of wastewater: a review. J Environ Manag 247:140–151
Singleton DR, Hendrix PF, Coleman DC, Whitman WB (2003) Identification of uncultured bacteria
tightly associated with the intestine of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Lumbricidae;
Oligochaeta). Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35(12):1547–1555
Sinha V, Chakma S (2019) Advances in the preparation of hydrogel for wastewater treatment: a
concise review. J Environ Chem Eng 7(5):103295
Sinha RK, Bharambe G, Bapat P (2007) Removal of high BOD and COD loadings of primary liquid
waste products from the dairy industry by vermifiltration technology using earthworms. Indian J
Environ Prot 27(6):486
Sinha RK, Bharambe G, Chaudhari U (2008) Sewage treatment by vermifiltration with the
synchronous treatment of sludge by earthworms: a low-cost sustainable technology over
conventional systems with potential for decentralization. Environmentalist 28(4):409–420
Sinha RK, Chauhan K, Valani D, Chandran V, Soni BK, Patel V (2010) Earthworms: Charles
Darwin’s ‘unheralded soldiers of mankind’: protective & productive for man & environment. J
Environ Prot 1(03):251
Sinha RK, Chandran V, Soni BK, Patel U, Ghosh A (2012) Earthworms: nature’s chemical
managers and detoxifying agents in the environment: an innovative study on the treatment of
toxic wastewaters from the petroleum industry by vermifiltration technology. Environmentalist
32(4):445–452
Solid waste management in Rural India: a guide to gram panchayats (2016). nirdpr.org.in
Suthar S (2007) Vermicomposting potential of Perionyx sansibaricus (Perrier) in different waste
materials. Bioresour Technol 98(6):1231–1237
104
S. I. Singh et al.
dairy biosolids using a modified system to avoid earthworm mortality. J Environ Sci Health B
34(1):151–169
Nogales R, Cifuentes C, Benitez E (2005) Vermicomposting of winery wastes: a laboratory study. J
Environ Sci Health B 40(4):659–673
Oste LA, Dolfing J, Ma WC, Lexmond TM (2001) Cadmium uptake by earthworms as related to the
availability in the soil and the intestine. Environ Toxicol Chem Int J 20(8):1785–1791
Pichtel J (2005) Waste management practices: municipal, hazardous, and industrial. CRC press,
Boca Raton
Pramanik P, Ghosh GK, Ghosal PK, Banik P (2007) Changes in organic–C, N, P and K and enzyme
activities in vermicompost of biodegradable organic wastes under liming and microbial inoculants. Bioresour Technol 98(13):2485–2494
Ramachandra TV, Bharath HA, Kulkarni G, Han SS (2018) Municipal solid waste: generation,
composition and GHG emissions in Bangalore, India. Renew Sust Energ Rev 82:1122–1136
Rao AG, Reddy TSK, Prakash SS, Vanajakshi J, Joseph J, Sarma PN (2007) pH regulation of
alkaline wastewater with carbon dioxide: a case study of treatment of brewery wastewater in a
UASB reactor coupled with absorber. Bioresour Technol 98(11):2131–2136
Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2017) Treatment of wastewater by vermifiltration integrated with
macrophyte filter: a review. J Environ Chem Eng 5(3):2274–2289
Samal K, Mohan AR, Chaudhary N, Moulick S (2019) Application of vermitechnology in waste
management: a review on mechanism and performance. J Environ Chem Eng 7:103392. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2019.103392
Satchell JE (1983) Earthworm microbiology. In: Earthworm ecology. Springer, Dordrecht, pp
351–364
Sheehan GJ, Greenfield PF (1980) Utilisation, treatment, and disposal of distillery wastewater.
Water Res 14(3):257–277
Sim EYS, Wu TY (2010) The potential reuse of biodegradable municipal solid wastes (MSW) as
feedstocks in vermicomposting. J Sci Food Agric 90(13):2153–2162
Singh R, Bhunia P, Dash RR (2019a) Optimization of organics removal and understanding the
impact of HRT on vermifiltration of brewery wastewater. Sci Total Environ 651:1283–1293
Singh R, Samal K, Dash RR, Bhunia P (2019b) Vermifiltration as a sustainable natural treatment
technology for the treatment and reuse of wastewater: a review. J Environ Manag 247:140–151
Singleton DR, Hendrix PF, Coleman DC, Whitman WB (2003) Identification of uncultured bacteria
tightly associated with the intestine of the earthworm Lumbricus rubellus (Lumbricidae;
Oligochaeta). Soil Biology and Biochemistry 35(12):1547–1555
Sinha V, Chakma S (2019) Advances in the preparation of hydrogel for wastewater treatment: a
concise review. J Environ Chem Eng 7(5):103295
Sinha RK, Bharambe G, Bapat P (2007) Removal of high BOD and COD loadings of primary liquid
waste products from the dairy industry by vermifiltration technology using earthworms. Indian J
Environ Prot 27(6):486
Sinha RK, Bharambe G, Chaudhari U (2008) Sewage treatment by vermifiltration with the
synchronous treatment of sludge by earthworms: a low-cost sustainable technology over
conventional systems with potential for decentralization. Environmentalist 28(4):409–420
Sinha RK, Chauhan K, Valani D, Chandran V, Soni BK, Patel V (2010) Earthworms: Charles
Darwin’s ‘unheralded soldiers of mankind’: protective & productive for man & environment. J
Environ Prot 1(03):251
Sinha RK, Chandran V, Soni BK, Patel U, Ghosh A (2012) Earthworms: nature’s chemical
managers and detoxifying agents in the environment: an innovative study on the treatment of
toxic wastewaters from the petroleum industry by vermifiltration technology. Environmentalist
32(4):445–452
Solid waste management in Rural India: a guide to gram panchayats (2016). nirdpr.org.in
Suthar S (2007) Vermicomposting potential of Perionyx sansibaricus (Perrier) in different waste
materials. Bioresour Technol 98(6):1231–1237
104
S. I. Singh et al.