610
Subsurface release (cont.)
subsea pipeline/riser, 19
types of accidents, 19
water column, 19
water/air stability, 21
Superficial oil, 141
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), 506
Surface oil expression, 179–181
Surface oiling, 469
Surface releases, 86
deep-subsea spills, 90–91
Surface vs. subsurface release, 87–89
Surficial microbial communities, 115
Swarm effects, 66, 77–79
Swiftia exserta, 471
T
Tang’s expression, 46
Temperature, 108–110, 112, 113, 117, 120
Temperature-pressure space, 78
Terpane signatures, 320
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD), 521
Texas A&M Oil spill Calculator (TAMOC),
142, 145–150
Theory of particle aggregation, 211
Three-dimensional computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) models, 143
Tithonian oil families, 320
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 506
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), 97, 316,
473, 474
Tower Basin facility, 48
Toxicity
in benthic data, 366
test exposure media, 484, 485
test results, 485
testing, 475, 485, 499
Toxicity extrapolation approaches
deep ocean species, sensitivity, 474
SSD, 473, 474
tools, 472, 473
Toxicology
DNA damage, 506, 507
ELS (see Early life stage (ELS))
immune system, fish
CYP, 504
IgM gene expression, 505
innate and adaptive immunities, 504, 509
Offshore surveys, 505
RNA sequencing, 505
microbiomes, 503, 504
oxidative stress, 506, 507, 509
reproduction, fish, 507
sensory systems and behavior, impacts, 503
gene expression, 503
mahi-mahi, 503
red drum, 502
transcriptome profiling techniques, 507, 508
xenobiotic response/oil detoxification, 508
Trace metal, 272
Traditional acute toxicity, 484
Transcriptome profiling techniques, 507
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), 198,
203, 210, 211
Transport, oil and gasses
aggregations, 93
data collections, 93
droplets, 93
fingerprinting, 95
GoM, 96
high-energy release, 92
marine snow, 94, 95
organic-rich particulate matter, 94
PAH, 93, 94
radioactive tracer 14 C, 96
seafloor, 96
sediment data, 95
settling velocities, 95
shallower/surface releases, 93
turbulent expulsion, 92
water column, 93
weathering processes, 93
Trawls, 434
Trustees, 345–349, 351, 353
T-type receptor 2 (tnnt2), 518
Turbulence
and shear forces, 46
characterize, 54
TDR (see Turbulence dissipation rate
(TDR))
Turbulence dissipation rate (TDR), 54, 55, 60,
61, 172, 173
Turbulent breakup, 22, 45, 46
Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), 54, 57,
58, 60
U
Ultra-deep blowout, 8, 9
Ultra-deep exploration, 6, 7
Ultra-deep oil and gas, 5, 7
Ultra-deep production, 5–7
Ultra-deep waters, 7
Unified droplet size model, 52
Unimodal size distribution, 47
Unusual mortality events (UMEs), 436, 444
Index
Subsurface release (cont.)
subsea pipeline/riser, 19
types of accidents, 19
water column, 19
water/air stability, 21
Superficial oil, 141
Superoxide dismutase (SOD), 506
Surface oil expression, 179–181
Surface oiling, 469
Surface releases, 86
deep-subsea spills, 90–91
Surface vs. subsurface release, 87–89
Surficial microbial communities, 115
Swarm effects, 66, 77–79
Swiftia exserta, 471
T
Tang’s expression, 46
Temperature, 108–110, 112, 113, 117, 120
Temperature-pressure space, 78
Terpane signatures, 320
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
(TCDD), 521
Texas A&M Oil spill Calculator (TAMOC),
142, 145–150
Theory of particle aggregation, 211
Three-dimensional computational fluid
dynamics (CFD) models, 143
Tithonian oil families, 320
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 506
Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), 97, 316,
473, 474
Tower Basin facility, 48
Toxicity
in benthic data, 366
test exposure media, 484, 485
test results, 485
testing, 475, 485, 499
Toxicity extrapolation approaches
deep ocean species, sensitivity, 474
SSD, 473, 474
tools, 472, 473
Toxicology
DNA damage, 506, 507
ELS (see Early life stage (ELS))
immune system, fish
CYP, 504
IgM gene expression, 505
innate and adaptive immunities, 504, 509
Offshore surveys, 505
RNA sequencing, 505
microbiomes, 503, 504
oxidative stress, 506, 507, 509
reproduction, fish, 507
sensory systems and behavior, impacts, 503
gene expression, 503
mahi-mahi, 503
red drum, 502
transcriptome profiling techniques, 507, 508
xenobiotic response/oil detoxification, 508
Trace metal, 272
Traditional acute toxicity, 484
Transcriptome profiling techniques, 507
Transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), 198,
203, 210, 211
Transport, oil and gasses
aggregations, 93
data collections, 93
droplets, 93
fingerprinting, 95
GoM, 96
high-energy release, 92
marine snow, 94, 95
organic-rich particulate matter, 94
PAH, 93, 94
radioactive tracer 14 C, 96
seafloor, 96
sediment data, 95
settling velocities, 95
shallower/surface releases, 93
turbulent expulsion, 92
water column, 93
weathering processes, 93
Trawls, 434
Trustees, 345–349, 351, 353
T-type receptor 2 (tnnt2), 518
Turbulence
and shear forces, 46
characterize, 54
TDR (see Turbulence dissipation rate
(TDR))
Turbulence dissipation rate (TDR), 54, 55, 60,
61, 172, 173
Turbulent breakup, 22, 45, 46
Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), 54, 57,
58, 60
U
Ultra-deep blowout, 8, 9
Ultra-deep exploration, 6, 7
Ultra-deep oil and gas, 5, 7
Ultra-deep production, 5–7
Ultra-deep waters, 7
Unified droplet size model, 52
Unimodal size distribution, 47
Unusual mortality events (UMEs), 436, 444
Index