605
oil contaminated sediments, 238
postdepositional processes, 226–228
preservation, 207, 227–230
regionally and temporally dependent
factors, 223
in sedimentary record, 223
silt content, 245
spatial gradients, 208
Mother drop, 57
Multiple molecular pathways, 508
Multiple reaction monitoring mode
(MRM), 331
N
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS),
418, 571
Natural dispersion, 156
Natural gas bubbles, 66
Natural Resource Damage Assessment
(NRDA), 9, 90, 346, 348, 358, 481,
482, 492
Near-field modelling
break-up models, 143
buoyant plume, 142
dissolution, 143
gas bubbles, 142
heat transfer, 143
integral models, 143
jet breakup, 142
live, 141
momentum-dominated jet break-up
region, 143
oil droplets, 140, 142
petroleum, 141
physical models, 143
plume, 54, 140
simulation results, 144
thermodynamic calculations, 143
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
(NEBA), 164
Noise, 434
Non-hydrocarbon compound, 91
Non-hydrocarbon fractions, 26
Non-spherical droplet, 22
Nucleation barrier, 76
Numerical modeling support, far-field
droplet formation, 172, 173
droplet mean diameter, 172
DSDs, 172
high-pressure and cold-temperature
experiments, 172
hydrocarbons in water column, 173, 174
sediment analysis, 174–175
O
Oceanographers, 21
Offshore, 469, 470
platforms, 91
surveys, fish populations, 505
turtle surveys, 438
Oil and gasses
chemical dispersion, 89
data collection, 87
deep-subsea spills, 90–91
degradation, 96–100
DWH spill, 87
environmental investigation, 87
ephemeral data, 87
GoM, 89, 90
mass balance, 100, 101
natural attenuation, 87
properties, 91–92
surface releases, 86
surface vs. subsurface release, 87–89
transport, 92–96
Oil and methane, 290
Oil-associated deposition, 286
Oil-CMS, 145–150
Oil concentration-driven degradation rates, 115
Oil drop formation, 45
Oil droplets, 71–73, 142
Oil fate modeling, 171, 188
Oil fingerprinting, 95
Oil-gas charging, 128
Oil-in-water emulsion, 48–49
Oil jets, 19, 22
Oil masses, 66
Oil mineral aggregates (OMAs)
distinct types, 200
effectiveness, oil dispersion, 201
formation, 201
microaggregates, 198
sediment relocation, 201
temperature, 201
Oil-particle aggregates (OPAs), 199, 202
Oil-particle interactions, 198, 199
Oil persistence, 201
Oil plumes, 19, 20
Oil Pollution Act (OPA), 6
Oil residue sedimentation, 185
Oil residues, 225, 226
Oil-sediment aggregates (OSA), 199, 202
Oil slick elongation model
characterization, 158
dispersant, 163, 164
dispersibility factor, 158
droplets reach, 157
entrainment events, 157
Index
oil contaminated sediments, 238
postdepositional processes, 226–228
preservation, 207, 227–230
regionally and temporally dependent
factors, 223
in sedimentary record, 223
silt content, 245
spatial gradients, 208
Mother drop, 57
Multiple molecular pathways, 508
Multiple reaction monitoring mode
(MRM), 331
N
National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS),
418, 571
Natural dispersion, 156
Natural gas bubbles, 66
Natural Resource Damage Assessment
(NRDA), 9, 90, 346, 348, 358, 481,
482, 492
Near-field modelling
break-up models, 143
buoyant plume, 142
dissolution, 143
gas bubbles, 142
heat transfer, 143
integral models, 143
jet breakup, 142
live, 141
momentum-dominated jet break-up
region, 143
oil droplets, 140, 142
petroleum, 141
physical models, 143
plume, 54, 140
simulation results, 144
thermodynamic calculations, 143
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
(NEBA), 164
Noise, 434
Non-hydrocarbon compound, 91
Non-hydrocarbon fractions, 26
Non-spherical droplet, 22
Nucleation barrier, 76
Numerical modeling support, far-field
droplet formation, 172, 173
droplet mean diameter, 172
DSDs, 172
high-pressure and cold-temperature
experiments, 172
hydrocarbons in water column, 173, 174
sediment analysis, 174–175
O
Oceanographers, 21
Offshore, 469, 470
platforms, 91
surveys, fish populations, 505
turtle surveys, 438
Oil and gasses
chemical dispersion, 89
data collection, 87
deep-subsea spills, 90–91
degradation, 96–100
DWH spill, 87
environmental investigation, 87
ephemeral data, 87
GoM, 89, 90
mass balance, 100, 101
natural attenuation, 87
properties, 91–92
surface releases, 86
surface vs. subsurface release, 87–89
transport, 92–96
Oil and methane, 290
Oil-associated deposition, 286
Oil-CMS, 145–150
Oil concentration-driven degradation rates, 115
Oil drop formation, 45
Oil droplets, 71–73, 142
Oil fate modeling, 171, 188
Oil fingerprinting, 95
Oil-gas charging, 128
Oil-in-water emulsion, 48–49
Oil jets, 19, 22
Oil masses, 66
Oil mineral aggregates (OMAs)
distinct types, 200
effectiveness, oil dispersion, 201
formation, 201
microaggregates, 198
sediment relocation, 201
temperature, 201
Oil-particle aggregates (OPAs), 199, 202
Oil-particle interactions, 198, 199
Oil persistence, 201
Oil plumes, 19, 20
Oil Pollution Act (OPA), 6
Oil residue sedimentation, 185
Oil residues, 225, 226
Oil-sediment aggregates (OSA), 199, 202
Oil slick elongation model
characterization, 158
dispersant, 163, 164
dispersibility factor, 158
droplets reach, 157
entrainment events, 157
Index