600
Extrapolation, 50
Exxon Valdez, 96, 427
Eyring’s equation, 17
F
Far-field fate
bimodal droplet distribution, 22
DSDs, 22
laminar breakup, 22
non-spherical droplet, 22
oil droplets, 21
research community, 22
spilled oil, 23
Stokes law, 21
subsurface oil droplets, 23
surfactants, 22
turbulence, 22
turbulent breakup, 22
water carries, 21
Far-field modelling
biodegradation rates, 145
CMS (see Connectivity Modeling System
(CMS))
composition and characteristics, 144
DSDs, 171
hindcast model, 171
jet breakup, 142
jet plume model, 171
Lagrangian particles, 144
mass balance, 145
MOS, 145
numerical modeling support, 172–175
oil-CMS, 145
oil dispersal, 141
oil fate, 171
oil reaches, 141
physicochemical characteristics, 144
plume, 142
sub-grid-scale turbulent diffusion, 144
3D, 171
transport and biological processes, 140
velocity, 144, 145
Fifth percentile HC (HC5), 473
Fingerprinting, 337
Fish biomass, 560, 565
Fish guilds recovery, 553, 560
Fish mortality, 565
Fisheries, GOM, see GOM fisheries
Fishing mortality, 537
Flake OMAs, 200
Flow regimes, 45, 46
Focused beam reflectance method (FBRM), 49
Foraminifera δ
13 C, 292, 293
Fossil fuels, 6
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonancemass spectrometry (FTICR-MS),
28, 229, 254, 294, 295, 321, 323,
332–335
analytical space, 254, 255
APPI, 255, 256
complex organic mixtures analysis, 254
DOM and oil spill assessments, 259–260
ESI, 256
ESI-FTICR-MS, 263
in-reservoir biodegradation, 257
marine oil snow associations, 262–264
mass spectra, 255
in positive-ion APPI, 257, 258
RADAR, 260
weathering processes, 256
to WEOM, 262
Fundamental/semi-empirical methods, 173
G
Gammaproteobacteria, 111, 304
Gas bubbles, 140, 141, 143–145
characterization, 68
ellipsoidal shape, 69
formation force, 71
Gray value distribution, 69
high-pressure steel vessel, 69
hydrate-coated, 70
immobile interface, 68
immobilization, 71
initial shape deformations, 71
methane, 69
pressure, 69
pure gas-liquid systems, 68
regimes, 68
rise velocity, 69
surface-active substances, 68
temperature, 69
types of water, 70
zigzag/helical rise path, 71
Gas chromatography, 255–258, 264
Gas chromatography, coupled with tandem
mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS),
331–333
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS), 129–130
Gas hydrates, 20, 77–79
Gas-liquid equilibrium partitioning, 35
Gas microbubbles, 57
Gas saturation, 32, 36, 37
Gas washing, 27
GC/MS/MS-MRM, 287
Index
Extrapolation, 50
Exxon Valdez, 96, 427
Eyring’s equation, 17
F
Far-field fate
bimodal droplet distribution, 22
DSDs, 22
laminar breakup, 22
non-spherical droplet, 22
oil droplets, 21
research community, 22
spilled oil, 23
Stokes law, 21
subsurface oil droplets, 23
surfactants, 22
turbulence, 22
turbulent breakup, 22
water carries, 21
Far-field modelling
biodegradation rates, 145
CMS (see Connectivity Modeling System
(CMS))
composition and characteristics, 144
DSDs, 171
hindcast model, 171
jet breakup, 142
jet plume model, 171
Lagrangian particles, 144
mass balance, 145
MOS, 145
numerical modeling support, 172–175
oil-CMS, 145
oil dispersal, 141
oil fate, 171
oil reaches, 141
physicochemical characteristics, 144
plume, 142
sub-grid-scale turbulent diffusion, 144
3D, 171
transport and biological processes, 140
velocity, 144, 145
Fifth percentile HC (HC5), 473
Fingerprinting, 337
Fish biomass, 560, 565
Fish guilds recovery, 553, 560
Fish mortality, 565
Fisheries, GOM, see GOM fisheries
Fishing mortality, 537
Flake OMAs, 200
Flow regimes, 45, 46
Focused beam reflectance method (FBRM), 49
Foraminifera δ
13 C, 292, 293
Fossil fuels, 6
Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonancemass spectrometry (FTICR-MS),
28, 229, 254, 294, 295, 321, 323,
332–335
analytical space, 254, 255
APPI, 255, 256
complex organic mixtures analysis, 254
DOM and oil spill assessments, 259–260
ESI, 256
ESI-FTICR-MS, 263
in-reservoir biodegradation, 257
marine oil snow associations, 262–264
mass spectra, 255
in positive-ion APPI, 257, 258
RADAR, 260
weathering processes, 256
to WEOM, 262
Fundamental/semi-empirical methods, 173
G
Gammaproteobacteria, 111, 304
Gas bubbles, 140, 141, 143–145
characterization, 68
ellipsoidal shape, 69
formation force, 71
Gray value distribution, 69
high-pressure steel vessel, 69
hydrate-coated, 70
immobile interface, 68
immobilization, 71
initial shape deformations, 71
methane, 69
pressure, 69
pure gas-liquid systems, 68
regimes, 68
rise velocity, 69
surface-active substances, 68
temperature, 69
types of water, 70
zigzag/helical rise path, 71
Gas chromatography, 255–258, 264
Gas chromatography, coupled with tandem
mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS),
331–333
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
(GC-MS), 129–130
Gas hydrates, 20, 77–79
Gas-liquid equilibrium partitioning, 35
Gas microbubbles, 57
Gas saturation, 32, 36, 37
Gas washing, 27
GC/MS/MS-MRM, 287
Index