476
• Omics data for deep ocean species is limited, and more studies are needed so that
biomarkers of toxicant exposure and toxicity can be established.
• The toxicity data for deep ocean species is extremely limited, and additional
studies are needed for selected taxa of deepwater fish and invertebrates.
• Additional studies are needed to determine how physical factors influence hydrocarbon toxicity, including low temperature and dissolved oxygen and high
pressure.
• Understanding body burdens of deep ocean species would help determine if current knowledge and known sensitivity of commonly tested species also applies to
aquatic species in the deep ocean habitats.
• Validation of existing approaches for extrapolating toxicity to deep ocean species
and the diversity of communities affected by subsea oil spills is a continuing
need, and application of genomic approaches should be explored.
Overall, comprehensive studies on a small number of deep ocean species would
help reduce uncertainties of how these communities are affected by toxicity, biotic,
and abiotic factors, their sensitivity in comparison to well-studied species, and
improve the reliability of predictive tools. The role of ecotoxicological-based science in informing future response decisions and impact assessments continues to
grow in importance, and incorporation of new approaches applicable to deep ocean
species and habitats will be the next frontier.
References
Awkerman JS, Raimondo S, Jackson CR, Barron MG (2014) Augmenting aquatic species sensitivity distributions with interspecies toxicity estimation models. Environ Toxicol Chem
33:688–695
Baker MC, Steinhoff MA, Fricano GF (2017) Integrated effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
on nearshore ecosystems. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 576:219–234
Barron MG (2017) Photoenhanced toxicity of petroleum to aquatic invertebrates and fish. Arch
Environ Contam Toxicol 73:40–46
Barron MG (2012) Ecological impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: implications for immunotoxicity. Toxicol Pathol 40:315–320
Bejarano AC, Barron MG (2014) Development and practical application of petroleum and dispersant interspecies correlation models for aquatic species. Environ Sci Technol 48(8):4564–4572
Bejarano AC, Barron MG (2016) Aqueous and tissue residue-based interspecies correlation
estimation models provide conservative hazard estimates for aromatic compounds. Environ
Toxicol Chem 35(1):56–64
Bejarano AC, Farr JK, Jenne P, Chu V, Hielscher A (2016) The chemical aquatic fate and effects
database (CAFE), a tool that supports assessments of chemical spills in aquatic environments.
Environ Toxicol Chem 35(6):1576–1586
Bejarano AC, Gardiner WW, Barron MG, Word JQ (2017) Relative sensitivity of Arctic species
to physically and chemically dispersed oil determined from three hydrocarbon measures of
aquatic toxicity. Mar Pollut Bull 122:316–322
Bejarano AC (2018) Critical review and analysis of aquatic toxicity data on oil spill dispersants.
Environ Toxicol Chem 9999:1–13
M. G. Barron et al.
• Omics data for deep ocean species is limited, and more studies are needed so that
biomarkers of toxicant exposure and toxicity can be established.
• The toxicity data for deep ocean species is extremely limited, and additional
studies are needed for selected taxa of deepwater fish and invertebrates.
• Additional studies are needed to determine how physical factors influence hydrocarbon toxicity, including low temperature and dissolved oxygen and high
pressure.
• Understanding body burdens of deep ocean species would help determine if current knowledge and known sensitivity of commonly tested species also applies to
aquatic species in the deep ocean habitats.
• Validation of existing approaches for extrapolating toxicity to deep ocean species
and the diversity of communities affected by subsea oil spills is a continuing
need, and application of genomic approaches should be explored.
Overall, comprehensive studies on a small number of deep ocean species would
help reduce uncertainties of how these communities are affected by toxicity, biotic,
and abiotic factors, their sensitivity in comparison to well-studied species, and
improve the reliability of predictive tools. The role of ecotoxicological-based science in informing future response decisions and impact assessments continues to
grow in importance, and incorporation of new approaches applicable to deep ocean
species and habitats will be the next frontier.
References
Awkerman JS, Raimondo S, Jackson CR, Barron MG (2014) Augmenting aquatic species sensitivity distributions with interspecies toxicity estimation models. Environ Toxicol Chem
33:688–695
Baker MC, Steinhoff MA, Fricano GF (2017) Integrated effects of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill
on nearshore ecosystems. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 576:219–234
Barron MG (2017) Photoenhanced toxicity of petroleum to aquatic invertebrates and fish. Arch
Environ Contam Toxicol 73:40–46
Barron MG (2012) Ecological impacts of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: implications for immunotoxicity. Toxicol Pathol 40:315–320
Bejarano AC, Barron MG (2014) Development and practical application of petroleum and dispersant interspecies correlation models for aquatic species. Environ Sci Technol 48(8):4564–4572
Bejarano AC, Barron MG (2016) Aqueous and tissue residue-based interspecies correlation
estimation models provide conservative hazard estimates for aromatic compounds. Environ
Toxicol Chem 35(1):56–64
Bejarano AC, Farr JK, Jenne P, Chu V, Hielscher A (2016) The chemical aquatic fate and effects
database (CAFE), a tool that supports assessments of chemical spills in aquatic environments.
Environ Toxicol Chem 35(6):1576–1586
Bejarano AC, Gardiner WW, Barron MG, Word JQ (2017) Relative sensitivity of Arctic species
to physically and chemically dispersed oil determined from three hydrocarbon measures of
aquatic toxicity. Mar Pollut Bull 122:316–322
Bejarano AC (2018) Critical review and analysis of aquatic toxicity data on oil spill dispersants.
Environ Toxicol Chem 9999:1–13
M. G. Barron et al.