169
Rahsepar S, Smit MPJ, Murk AJ, Rijnaarts HHM, Langenhoff AAM (2016) Chemical dispersants: oil biodegradation friend or foe? Mar Pollut Bull 108:113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2016.04.044
Redman AD, Parkerton TF (2015) Guidance for improving comparability and relevance of oil toxicity tests. Mar Pollut Bull 98(1–2):156–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.053
Reed M, Turner C, Odulo A (1994) The role of wind and emulsification in modelling oil
spill and surface drifter trajectories. Spill Sci Technol Bull 1:143–157. https://doi.
org/10.1016/1353-2561(94)90022-1
Reed M, Johansen Ø, Brandvik PJ, Daling P, Lewis A, Fiocco R, Mackay D, Prentki R (1999) Oil
spill modeling towards the close of the 20th century: overview of the state of the art. Spill Sci
Technol Bull 5:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(98)00029-2
Reed M, Leirvik F, Johansen Ø, Brørs B (2009) Numerical algorithm to compute the effects of
breaking waves on surface oil spilled at sea. Trondheim, Norway. October, 2009, pp 1–127.
https://crrc.unh.edu/sites/crrc.unh.edu/files/final_report_sintef_natural_dispersion_october-2009.pdf. Accessed on: 29 Oct 2018
Robbins ML, Varadaraj R, Bock J, Pace SJ (1995) Effect of stokes’ law settling on measuring oil dispersion effectiveness. Int Oil Spill Conf Proc 1995:191–196. https://doi.
org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-191
Schwing PT, Hollander DJ, Brooks GR, Larson RA, Hastings DW, Chanton JP, Lincoln SA,
Radović JR, Langenhoff A (2020) The sedimentary record of MOSSFA events in the Gulf of
Mexico: a comparison of the Deepwater Horizon (2010) and Ixtoc 1 (1979) oil spills (Chap.
13). In: Murawski SA, Ainsworth C, Gilbert S, Hollander D, Paris CB, Schlüter M, Wetzel D
(eds) Deep oil spills: facts, fate, effects. Springer, Cham
SL Ross Environmental Research LTD, A. Lewis Oil Spill Consultancy, MAR Incorporated (2006)
Chemical dispersibility of U.S. outer continental shelf crude oils in non-breaking waves,
Ottawa, Canada. September 2006, pp 1–48. https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/osrr-oilspill-response-research//546aa.pdf. Accessed 4 Mar 2019
SL Ross Environmental Research LTD, MAR Incorporated (2011) Comparison of large-scale
(Ohmsett) and small-scale dispersant effectiveness test results, Ontario, Canada. June 2011,
pp 1–55. https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/osrr-oil-spill-response-research//638ab.
pdf. Accessed on: 29 Oct 2018
Tamis JE, Jongbloed RH, Karman CC, Koops W, Murk AJ (2012) Rational application of chemicals in response to oil spills may reduce environmental damage. Integr Environ Assess Manag
8:231–241. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.273
Vonk SM, Hollander DJ, Murk AJ (2015) Was the extreme and wide-spread marine oil-snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA) event during the Deepwater Horizon blowout unique? Mar Pollut Bull 100(1):5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.023
Walstra P (1993) Principles of Emulsion formation. Chemical Engineering Science 48:333–349.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(93)80021
Walstra P (2005) 8 emulsions. In: Lyklema J (ed) Fundamentals of interface and colloid science.
Elsevier, pp 1–94
Zeinstra-Helfrich M, Koops W, Dijkstra K, Murk AJ (2015a) Quantification of the effect of oil layer
thickness on entrainment of surface oil. Mar Pollut Bull 96:401–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2015.04.015
Zeinstra-Helfrich M, Koops W, Murk AJ (2015b) The NET effect of dispersants — a critical
review of testing and modelling of surface oil dispersion. Mar Pollut Bull 100:102–111. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.022
Zeinstra-Helfrich M, Koops W, Murk AJ (2016) How oil properties and layer thickness determine
the entrainment of spilled surface oil. Mar Pollut Bull 110:184–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2016.06.063
Zeinstra-Helfrich M, Koops W, Murk AJ (2017) Predicting the consequence of natural and chemical dispersion for oil slick size over time. J Geophys Res Oceans 122:7312–7324. https://doi.
org/10.1002/2017JC012789
10 Effects of Oil Properties and Slick Thickness on Dispersant Field Effectiveness…
Rahsepar S, Smit MPJ, Murk AJ, Rijnaarts HHM, Langenhoff AAM (2016) Chemical dispersants: oil biodegradation friend or foe? Mar Pollut Bull 108:113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2016.04.044
Redman AD, Parkerton TF (2015) Guidance for improving comparability and relevance of oil toxicity tests. Mar Pollut Bull 98(1–2):156–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.06.053
Reed M, Turner C, Odulo A (1994) The role of wind and emulsification in modelling oil
spill and surface drifter trajectories. Spill Sci Technol Bull 1:143–157. https://doi.
org/10.1016/1353-2561(94)90022-1
Reed M, Johansen Ø, Brandvik PJ, Daling P, Lewis A, Fiocco R, Mackay D, Prentki R (1999) Oil
spill modeling towards the close of the 20th century: overview of the state of the art. Spill Sci
Technol Bull 5:3–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1353-2561(98)00029-2
Reed M, Leirvik F, Johansen Ø, Brørs B (2009) Numerical algorithm to compute the effects of
breaking waves on surface oil spilled at sea. Trondheim, Norway. October, 2009, pp 1–127.
https://crrc.unh.edu/sites/crrc.unh.edu/files/final_report_sintef_natural_dispersion_october-2009.pdf. Accessed on: 29 Oct 2018
Robbins ML, Varadaraj R, Bock J, Pace SJ (1995) Effect of stokes’ law settling on measuring oil dispersion effectiveness. Int Oil Spill Conf Proc 1995:191–196. https://doi.
org/10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-191
Schwing PT, Hollander DJ, Brooks GR, Larson RA, Hastings DW, Chanton JP, Lincoln SA,
Radović JR, Langenhoff A (2020) The sedimentary record of MOSSFA events in the Gulf of
Mexico: a comparison of the Deepwater Horizon (2010) and Ixtoc 1 (1979) oil spills (Chap.
13). In: Murawski SA, Ainsworth C, Gilbert S, Hollander D, Paris CB, Schlüter M, Wetzel D
(eds) Deep oil spills: facts, fate, effects. Springer, Cham
SL Ross Environmental Research LTD, A. Lewis Oil Spill Consultancy, MAR Incorporated (2006)
Chemical dispersibility of U.S. outer continental shelf crude oils in non-breaking waves,
Ottawa, Canada. September 2006, pp 1–48. https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/osrr-oilspill-response-research//546aa.pdf. Accessed 4 Mar 2019
SL Ross Environmental Research LTD, MAR Incorporated (2011) Comparison of large-scale
(Ohmsett) and small-scale dispersant effectiveness test results, Ontario, Canada. June 2011,
pp 1–55. https://www.bsee.gov/sites/bsee.gov/files/osrr-oil-spill-response-research//638ab.
pdf. Accessed on: 29 Oct 2018
Tamis JE, Jongbloed RH, Karman CC, Koops W, Murk AJ (2012) Rational application of chemicals in response to oil spills may reduce environmental damage. Integr Environ Assess Manag
8:231–241. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.273
Vonk SM, Hollander DJ, Murk AJ (2015) Was the extreme and wide-spread marine oil-snow sedimentation and flocculent accumulation (MOSSFA) event during the Deepwater Horizon blowout unique? Mar Pollut Bull 100(1):5–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.08.023
Walstra P (1993) Principles of Emulsion formation. Chemical Engineering Science 48:333–349.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(93)80021
Walstra P (2005) 8 emulsions. In: Lyklema J (ed) Fundamentals of interface and colloid science.
Elsevier, pp 1–94
Zeinstra-Helfrich M, Koops W, Dijkstra K, Murk AJ (2015a) Quantification of the effect of oil layer
thickness on entrainment of surface oil. Mar Pollut Bull 96:401–409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2015.04.015
Zeinstra-Helfrich M, Koops W, Murk AJ (2015b) The NET effect of dispersants — a critical
review of testing and modelling of surface oil dispersion. Mar Pollut Bull 100:102–111. https://
doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.022
Zeinstra-Helfrich M, Koops W, Murk AJ (2016) How oil properties and layer thickness determine
the entrainment of spilled surface oil. Mar Pollut Bull 110:184–193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
marpolbul.2016.06.063
Zeinstra-Helfrich M, Koops W, Murk AJ (2017) Predicting the consequence of natural and chemical dispersion for oil slick size over time. J Geophys Res Oceans 122:7312–7324. https://doi.
org/10.1002/2017JC012789
10 Effects of Oil Properties and Slick Thickness on Dispersant Field Effectiveness…