168
References
BfR Wissenschaft (2016) The use of dispersants to combat oil spills in Germany at sea. Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
Canevari GP (1984) A review of the relationship between the characteristics of spilled oil and dispersant effectiveness. In: Allen TE (eds) Oil spill chemical dispersants: research, experience,
and recommendations. American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, pp 87–93
Daly KL, Passow U, Chanton J, Hollander D (2016) Assessing the impacts of oil-associated
marine snow formation and sedimentation during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Anthropocene 13:18–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.01.006
Delvigne GAL, Sweeney CE (1988) Natural dispersion of oil. Oil Chem Pollut 4:281–310
van Eenennaam JS, Wei Y, Grolle KCF, Foekema EM, Murk AJ (2016) Oil spill dispersants induce
formation of marine snow by phytoplankton-associated bacteria. Mar Pollut Bull 104:294–302.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.005
van Eenennaam JS, Rahsepar S, Radović JR, Oldenburg TBP, Wonink J, Langenhoff AAM, Murk
AJ, Foekema EM (2018) Marine snow increases the adverse effects of oil on benthic invertebrates. Mar Pollut Bull 126:339–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.028
EMSA (2009) Manual on the applicability of oil spill dispersants
IPIECA (2017) Guidelines on implementing spill impact mitigation assessment (SIMA)
ITOPF (2012) Use of dispersants to treat oil spills. In: Technical Information Papers
Jongbloed RH, Tamis JE, Holthaus KIE, van der Veen DPC, van der Velde I, Blankendaal VG,
Goedhart PC, Jak RG, Koops W (2002) Chemicals in combating oil spills. A literature review
in perspective of the Dutch situation. Report No. R 2002/640. Den Helder, The Netherlands:
TNO
Khelifa A, Fingas M, Brown C (2008) Effects of Dispersants on Oil-SPM Aggregation and Fate in
US Coastal Waters, Final Report Grant Number: NA04NOS4190063
Khelifa A, So LLC (2009) Effects of Chemical Dispersants on Oil Brine Interfacial Tension
and Droplet Formation. In: AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and
Response. Ottawa (ON), pp 383–396
Kleindienst S, Seidel M, Ziervogel K, Grim S, Loftis K, Harrison S, Malkin SY, Perkins MJ,
Field J, Sogin ML, Dittmar T, Passow U, Medeiros P, Joye SB (2016) Reply to Prince et al.:
ability of chemical dispersants to reduce oil spill impacts remains unclear. Proc Natl Acad Sci
113(11):E1422–E1423. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600498113
Langenhoff AAM, Rahsepar S, van Eenennaam JS, Radović JR, Oldenburg TBP, Foekema E,
Murk ATJ (2020) Effect of marine snow on microbial oil degradation (Chap. 18). In: Murawski
SA, Ainsworth C, Gilbert S, Hollander D, Paris CB, Schlüter M, Wetzel D (eds) Deep oil spills:
facts, fate, effects. Springer, Cham
Lee K, Nedwed T, Prince RC, Palandro D (2013) Lab tests on the biodegradation of chemically
dispersed oil should consider the rapid dilution that occurs at sea. Mar Pollut Bull 73:314–318.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.005
Lee K, Boufadel M, Chen B, Foght J, Hodson P, Swanson S, Venosa A (2015) Expert panel report
on the behaviour and environmental impacts of crude oil released into aqueous environments.
Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa. isbn:978-1-928140-02-3
Lewis A, Crosbie A, Davies L, Lunel T (1998) Dispersion of emulsified oil at sea, AEA technology
report. AEAT-3475, June 1998
Moum JNN, Smyth WDD (1994) Upper Ocean Mixing Processes. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences
3093–3100. https://doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0156
National Research Council of the National Academies (2005) Understanding oil spill dispersants:
efficacy and effects. National Academies Press, Washington, DC
O’Sullivan AJ, Jacques TG (2001) Impact reference system: effects of oil in the marine environment: impact of hydrocarbons on fauna and flora. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium,
orid. ed. 1991
M. Zeinstra-Helfrich and A. J. Murk
References
BfR Wissenschaft (2016) The use of dispersants to combat oil spills in Germany at sea. Federal
Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
Canevari GP (1984) A review of the relationship between the characteristics of spilled oil and dispersant effectiveness. In: Allen TE (eds) Oil spill chemical dispersants: research, experience,
and recommendations. American Society for Testing and Materials Philadelphia, pp 87–93
Daly KL, Passow U, Chanton J, Hollander D (2016) Assessing the impacts of oil-associated
marine snow formation and sedimentation during and after the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.
Anthropocene 13:18–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2016.01.006
Delvigne GAL, Sweeney CE (1988) Natural dispersion of oil. Oil Chem Pollut 4:281–310
van Eenennaam JS, Wei Y, Grolle KCF, Foekema EM, Murk AJ (2016) Oil spill dispersants induce
formation of marine snow by phytoplankton-associated bacteria. Mar Pollut Bull 104:294–302.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.01.005
van Eenennaam JS, Rahsepar S, Radović JR, Oldenburg TBP, Wonink J, Langenhoff AAM, Murk
AJ, Foekema EM (2018) Marine snow increases the adverse effects of oil on benthic invertebrates. Mar Pollut Bull 126:339–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.11.028
EMSA (2009) Manual on the applicability of oil spill dispersants
IPIECA (2017) Guidelines on implementing spill impact mitigation assessment (SIMA)
ITOPF (2012) Use of dispersants to treat oil spills. In: Technical Information Papers
Jongbloed RH, Tamis JE, Holthaus KIE, van der Veen DPC, van der Velde I, Blankendaal VG,
Goedhart PC, Jak RG, Koops W (2002) Chemicals in combating oil spills. A literature review
in perspective of the Dutch situation. Report No. R 2002/640. Den Helder, The Netherlands:
TNO
Khelifa A, Fingas M, Brown C (2008) Effects of Dispersants on Oil-SPM Aggregation and Fate in
US Coastal Waters, Final Report Grant Number: NA04NOS4190063
Khelifa A, So LLC (2009) Effects of Chemical Dispersants on Oil Brine Interfacial Tension
and Droplet Formation. In: AMOP Technical Seminar on Environmental Contamination and
Response. Ottawa (ON), pp 383–396
Kleindienst S, Seidel M, Ziervogel K, Grim S, Loftis K, Harrison S, Malkin SY, Perkins MJ,
Field J, Sogin ML, Dittmar T, Passow U, Medeiros P, Joye SB (2016) Reply to Prince et al.:
ability of chemical dispersants to reduce oil spill impacts remains unclear. Proc Natl Acad Sci
113(11):E1422–E1423. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1600498113
Langenhoff AAM, Rahsepar S, van Eenennaam JS, Radović JR, Oldenburg TBP, Foekema E,
Murk ATJ (2020) Effect of marine snow on microbial oil degradation (Chap. 18). In: Murawski
SA, Ainsworth C, Gilbert S, Hollander D, Paris CB, Schlüter M, Wetzel D (eds) Deep oil spills:
facts, fate, effects. Springer, Cham
Lee K, Nedwed T, Prince RC, Palandro D (2013) Lab tests on the biodegradation of chemically
dispersed oil should consider the rapid dilution that occurs at sea. Mar Pollut Bull 73:314–318.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2013.06.005
Lee K, Boufadel M, Chen B, Foght J, Hodson P, Swanson S, Venosa A (2015) Expert panel report
on the behaviour and environmental impacts of crude oil released into aqueous environments.
Royal Society of Canada, Ottawa. isbn:978-1-928140-02-3
Lewis A, Crosbie A, Davies L, Lunel T (1998) Dispersion of emulsified oil at sea, AEA technology
report. AEAT-3475, June 1998
Moum JNN, Smyth WDD (1994) Upper Ocean Mixing Processes. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences
3093–3100. https://doi.org/10.1006/rwos.2001.0156
National Research Council of the National Academies (2005) Understanding oil spill dispersants:
efficacy and effects. National Academies Press, Washington, DC
O’Sullivan AJ, Jacques TG (2001) Impact reference system: effects of oil in the marine environment: impact of hydrocarbons on fauna and flora. European Commission, Brussels, Belgium,
orid. ed. 1991
M. Zeinstra-Helfrich and A. J. Murk