xiii
Part V Impacts of Deep Spills on Plankton, Fishes,
and Protected Resources
21 Overview of Ecological Impacts of Deep Spills:
Deepwater Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Christopher G. Lewis and Robert W. Ricker
22 Deep-Sea Benthic Faunal Impacts and Community Evolution
Before, During, and After the Deepwater Horizon Event . . . . . . . . . . 355
Paul A. Montagna and Fanny Girard
23 Impact and Resilience of Benthic Foraminifera
in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon
and Ixtoc 1 Oil Spills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Patrick T. Schwing and Maria Luisa Machain-Castillo
24 Chronic Sub-lethal Effects Observed in Wild-Caught
Fishes Following Two Major Oil Spills in the Gulf
of Mexico: Deepwater Horizon and Ixtoc 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Erin L. Pulster, Adolfo Gracia, Susan M. Snyder, Kristina Deak,
Susan Fogelson, and Steven A. Murawski
25 Impacts of Deep Oil Spills on Fish and Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Adolfo Gracia, Steven A. Murawski, and Ana Rosa Vázquez-Bader
26 Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Marine Mammals
and Sea Turtles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Kaitlin E. Frasier, Alba Solsona-Berga, Lesley Stokes,
and John A. Hildebrand
Part VI Toxicology of Deep Oil Spills
27 Ecotoxicology of Deep Ocean Spills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Mace G. Barron, Susan C. Chiasson, and Adriana C. Bejarano
28 A Synthesis of DWH Oil: Chemical Dispersant and Chemically
Dispersed Oil Aquatic Standard Laboratory Acute
and Chronic Toxicity Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Carys L. Mitchelmore, Adriana C. Bejarano, and Dana L. Wetzel
29 Digging Deeper than LC/EC50: Nontraditional Endpoints
and Non- model Species in Oil Spill Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Martin Grosell, Robert J. Griffitt, Tracy A. Sherwood,
and Dana L. Wetzel
30 Genetics and Oil: Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Population
Genomics as Tools to Understand Animal Responses
to Exposure Across Different Time Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
David S. Portnoy, Andrew T. Fields, Justin B. Greer,
and Daniel Schlenk
Contents
Part V Impacts of Deep Spills on Plankton, Fishes,
and Protected Resources
21 Overview of Ecological Impacts of Deep Spills:
Deepwater Horizon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
Christopher G. Lewis and Robert W. Ricker
22 Deep-Sea Benthic Faunal Impacts and Community Evolution
Before, During, and After the Deepwater Horizon Event . . . . . . . . . . 355
Paul A. Montagna and Fanny Girard
23 Impact and Resilience of Benthic Foraminifera
in the Aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon
and Ixtoc 1 Oil Spills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 374
Patrick T. Schwing and Maria Luisa Machain-Castillo
24 Chronic Sub-lethal Effects Observed in Wild-Caught
Fishes Following Two Major Oil Spills in the Gulf
of Mexico: Deepwater Horizon and Ixtoc 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 388
Erin L. Pulster, Adolfo Gracia, Susan M. Snyder, Kristina Deak,
Susan Fogelson, and Steven A. Murawski
25 Impacts of Deep Oil Spills on Fish and Fisheries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 414
Adolfo Gracia, Steven A. Murawski, and Ana Rosa Vázquez-Bader
26 Impacts of the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill on Marine Mammals
and Sea Turtles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431
Kaitlin E. Frasier, Alba Solsona-Berga, Lesley Stokes,
and John A. Hildebrand
Part VI Toxicology of Deep Oil Spills
27 Ecotoxicology of Deep Ocean Spills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466
Mace G. Barron, Susan C. Chiasson, and Adriana C. Bejarano
28 A Synthesis of DWH Oil: Chemical Dispersant and Chemically
Dispersed Oil Aquatic Standard Laboratory Acute
and Chronic Toxicity Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 480
Carys L. Mitchelmore, Adriana C. Bejarano, and Dana L. Wetzel
29 Digging Deeper than LC/EC50: Nontraditional Endpoints
and Non- model Species in Oil Spill Toxicology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 497
Martin Grosell, Robert J. Griffitt, Tracy A. Sherwood,
and Dana L. Wetzel
30 Genetics and Oil: Transcriptomics, Epigenetics, and Population
Genomics as Tools to Understand Animal Responses
to Exposure Across Different Time Scales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 515
David S. Portnoy, Andrew T. Fields, Justin B. Greer,
and Daniel Schlenk
Contents