‫ﻣﻠﺧص‬
‫اﻟﺟزاﺋر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣوارد‬ ‫اﻟرﺷﯾد‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺳﯾﯾر‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺗﻣد‬ ‫ﻣﺳﺗداﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺻﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎرﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﺗرﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗطوﯾر‬ ،
‫ا‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬ .‫اﻟﻣﺗوﻓرة‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺣﯾﺎء‬ ‫ﻹﻧﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﺣدﯾﺛﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر‬
‫ﻣﺣﺎﻓظﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻣﻛﻧﮭﺎ‬ ،‫اﻻﺣواض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﯾﺎه‬ ‫ﻟﺗﺟدﯾد‬ ‫ﺿﺋﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗﺎج‬ ‫ﺣﯾث‬
‫أن‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺷﻛل‬
ً ‫ﺑدﯾﻼ‬
‫ﻟﺗﻧﻣﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺷﺎط‬
‫اﻻﺳﺗزراع‬
‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﮭدف‬ .‫اﻟﺟزاﺋر‬
‫ھذه‬
‫اﻷطروﺣﺔ‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺣﺳﯾن‬
‫اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺣول‬
‫ﻋﻣل‬ ‫آﻟﯾﺎت‬
‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠ‬
‫وك‬
‫وﺗﻔﺎﻋﻼﺗﮫ‬
‫ﺳﻣك‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬
"
Oreochromis niloticus
"
‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠف‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬
‫ﻣراﺣل‬
‫ﻧﻣوه‬
.
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬ ‫وﺳط‬ ‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬ ‫ﺑدراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻣﻧﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻐرض‬ ‫ﻟﮭذا‬
‫اﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬
‫واﻟﻌوا‬ ‫اﻻﺣواض‬ ‫ﻟﻣﯾﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺋﯾﺔ‬
‫ا‬ ‫ﻷﺳﻣﺎك‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾزﯾوﻟوﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫واﻟﻣﺗﻐﯾرات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻧﻣو‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻣل‬
‫ﺑﺗطﺑﯾق‬ ‫وذﻟك‬ ،‫ﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬
‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺳب‬
‫ﻛرﺑون‬
/
‫ﻧﯾﺗروﺟﯾن‬
‫ﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬
.
‫ﺑدراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻣﻧﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬
‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬
‫ﻧظﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺗﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻛﺎﺛر‬
‫وﺗرﺑﯾﺔ‬
،‫اﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬ ‫ﯾرﻗﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻊ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﺗﺄﺛﯾرات‬ ‫ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺗﻛﺎﺛر‬
‫ا‬
‫وﺟودة‬ ‫ﻟﻔﺣول‬
‫واﻟﯾرﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾض‬
.
‫ﺗظﮭر‬
‫ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ھذه‬
‫اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬
‫أﻧﮫ‬
‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬
‫اﻟﺗﺣﻛم‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻧﯾﺗروﺟﯾﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﺳﻣﺎك‬
‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
،
‫ﻋن‬
‫طرﯾق‬
‫إﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺻدر‬
‫ﻟﻠﻛرﺑون‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫دون‬ ‫اﻻﺣواض‬
‫اﻟﻠﺟوء‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ﺗﺟدﯾد‬
‫اﻟﻣﯾﺎه‬
.
‫ﯾرﺗﺑط‬
‫ﻋﻣل‬
‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺗراﻛم‬
‫اﻟﺗدرﯾﺟﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣو‬
‫اد‬
‫اﻟﺻﻠﺑﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺎء‬
‫واﻧﺧﻔﺎض‬
‫اﻟﻘﻠوﯾﺔ‬
‫ودرﺟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺣﻣوﺿﺔ‬
.
‫أظﮭرت‬
‫دراﺳﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﯾر‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻧﯾﺗروﺟﯾن‬ /‫اﻟﻛرﺑون‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻧظﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
‫أ‬
‫ن‬
‫ﻧﺳب‬ ‫ﺗطﺑﯾق‬
‫ﺑﯾن‬
12
‫و‬
14
‫ﻛﺎﻓﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺣﻔﺎظ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻌواﻣل‬
‫ﻟﻠﻣﯾﺎه‬ ‫اﻟﻔﯾزﯾوﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻧد‬
‫ﻣﺳﺗوﯾﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻘﺑوﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺗرﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬
.
‫ﻟم‬
‫ﺗظﮭر‬
‫دراﺳﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻌواﻣل‬
‫أي‬ ‫واﻟﻔﯾزﯾوﻟوﺟﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺣﯾواﻧﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫آﺛﺎر‬
‫إﯾﺟﺎﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻟوﺳط‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
،‫اﻟﻧﻣو‬
‫اﻟﻐذ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬ ‫وﻣﻌﺎﻣل‬
،‫اﺋﻲ‬
‫وﻧﺷﺎط‬
‫اﻹﻧزﯾﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﮭﺎﺿﻣﺔ‬
‫وﻣﺿﺎدات‬
‫اﻷﻛﺳدة‬
‫اﺳﻣﺎك‬ ‫ﻟدى‬
‫اﻟﺗﺳﻣﯾن‬ ‫ﻣرﺣﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬
.
‫ﻟوﺣظ‬ ،‫أﺧرى‬ ‫ﻧﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬
‫ﺗﺣﺳن‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻧﻣو‬
‫وﻣﻌﺎﻣل‬
‫اﻟﺗﺣوﯾل‬
‫ﻟﯾرﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻐذاﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻣت‬
‫ﺗرﺑﯾﺗﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻣدة‬
20
‫ﯾوﻣﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬
،‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻷﻣﯾﻼز‬ ‫اﻧزﯾﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﺷﺎط‬ ‫ﺗﺣﻔﯾز‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬
.‫واﻟﻛﺎﺗﺎﻻز‬
‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺗوﺿﺢ‬
‫ھذه‬
‫اﻟدراﺳﺔ‬
‫إﻣﻛﺎﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺗطﺑﯾق‬
‫ﻧظﺎم‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻔرﺧﺎت‬
‫ﺗﺣﺿﯾر‬ ‫أﺣواض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫اﻟﻧﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬
‫وﺗﻛﺎﺛر‬
،‫اﻷﻣﮭﺎت‬
‫دون‬
‫آﺛﺎر‬
‫ﺳﻠﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺣول‬ ‫ﺗﻛﺎﺛر‬
‫وﺟودة‬
‫واﻟﯾرﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾض‬
.
‫ﺑﺷﻛل‬
،‫ﻋﺎم‬
‫ﯾﺳﺎھم‬
‫ھذا‬
‫اﻟﻌﻣل‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺗوﺳﯾﻊ‬
‫اﻟﻣﻌرﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺣول‬
‫ﻛﻧظﺎم‬ ‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻧﯾﺔ‬
‫ﺟدﯾد‬
‫اﻻﺳﺗزراع‬
‫ﯾظﮭر‬ ‫ﻛﻣﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟﺳﻣﻛﻲ‬
‫ﺗطﺑ‬ ‫أھﻣﯾﺔ‬
‫ﯾق‬
‫ھذه‬
‫اﻟﺗﻛﻧوﻟوﺟﯾﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻣزارع‬
‫ﺗرﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻧطﺎق‬
‫ﺗﺟرﯾﺑﻲ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﻟﺟزاﺋر‬
.
‫اﻟﻛﻠﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻣﻔﺗﺎﺣﯾﺔ‬
:
‫ﺗرﺑﯾﺔ‬
‫اﻷﺣﯾﺎء‬
،‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬
،‫اﻟﺑﯾوﻓﻠوك‬
‫ﻧﺳﺑﺔ‬
،‫ﻧﯾﺗروﺟﯾن‬ /‫ﻛرﺑون‬
‫اﻟﺑﻠطﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻧﯾﻠﻲ‬
،
‫اﻹﻧزﯾﻣﺎت‬
،‫اﻟﮭﺎﺿﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺿﺎدات‬
‫اﻷﻛﺳدة‬
.
Abstract
In Algeria, the sustainable development of inland aquaculture requires rational management of available
water resources. Biofloc technology (BFT), an environmentally friendly aquaculture method that
operate with low water exchange rates, could serve as an alternative for the development of aquaculture
activity in Algeria. The objective of this thesis is to gain a deeper understanding of the rearing process
using biofloc technology and its interactions with the tilapia "Oreochromis niloticus" at various stages
of development. For this purpose, we studied the effect of different carbon/nitrogen ratios within the
biofloc system on water quality, zootechnical performances and physiological parameters of tilapia.
Additionally, we explored the viability of employing the biofloc technology during the reproduction and
larval rearing phases of tilapia, while assessing its effects on reproductive performance and offspring
quality.
The results of this study indicate that nitrogenous substances in BFT system can be effectively controlled
through the addition of external carbon sources, without the need for water renewal. The functioning of
the BFT system is associated with a gradual accumulation of suspended solids in the water and a
decrease in alkalinity and pH. This study shows maintaining C/N ratios between 12 and 14 in the BFT
system is sufficient to maintain water quality parameters at acceptable levels for tilapia development.
Furthermore, the investigation into zootechnical and physiological parameters revealed no positive
effects of the BFT system on growth, feed utilization, and digestive and antioxidant enzymes activity in
juvenile tilapia. Improved growth and feed utilization were observed for tilapia post-larvae reared for
20 days in the BFT system, which was associated with the stimulation of alpha-amylase and catalase
activities. This study provides evidence of the feasibility of implementing the biofloc technology in
tilapia hatcheries for broodstock storage and reproduction, without any detrimental effects on
reproductive performance and offspring quality.