38
V.
Physicochemical properties of chitosan
1. Determination of Total Extraction Yield
Total extraction yield is a measurement of extract mass compared with the original mass of
raw material. It was calculated as the weight (g) of sample extract gained from raw material
and expressed as a percentage (AHING and WID,2016).
The yield % was calculated by the following equation:
1
𝑌𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑𝑠 (%) =
𝐖1
𝐖2
× 100
Where:
𝑊1= Weight of dried extracted chitosan (g)
𝑊2 = Weight of raw material (g)
2. Moisture content:
Moisture contents were determined by drying the sample (3 g) in a vacuum oven at 105˚C for
24h, and the decrease in the weight was measured, (AMIN et al., 2022) which corresponds to
the loss of water molecules as shown in the following equation:
2
𝐌𝐨𝐢𝐬𝐭 % =
𝐰𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 – 𝐝𝐫𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞
𝐰𝐞𝐭 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞
× 100
3. Fat Binding Capacity (FBC)
FBC was calculated using the following equation:
3
𝑭𝑩𝑪 % =
𝒇𝒂𝒕 𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 (𝒈)
𝒊𝒏𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝒔𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 (𝒈)
× 100
Figure 33 : FBC analysis
for chitosan (A) and
commercial chitosan (B)
A
B
FBC analysis was carried out by weighing a centrifuge tube
containing 0.5 g of sample. 10 ml of vegetable oil was added and
was mixed on a vortex mixer for 1 min to disperse the sample.
The contents were left at ambient temperature for 30 min with
shaking for 5 s at every 10 min and centrifuged at 3200 rpm for
25 min. When the supernatant was decanted, the tubes were
weighed again (NURHAYATI and TANG, 2022).