Table of contents
Abstract
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction _______________________________________________________________ 1
Chapter 01 : literature review
I. Chitin ________________________________________________________________ 3
1. History _____________________________________________________________ 3
2. Structure____________________________________________________________ 3
3. Sources of chitin______________________________________________________ 4
4. Chitin isolation_______________________________________________________ 5
A- Chemical extraction ________________________________________________ 6
B- Biological extraction ________________________________________________ 7
5. Properties of chitin ___________________________________________________ 7
Ii. Chitin main derivative: chitosan __________________________________________ 9
1. History _____________________________________________________________ 9
2. Structure____________________________________________________________ 9
3. Source of chitosan ___________________________________________________ 10
4. Chitosan production _________________________________________________ 10
A- Deacetylation of chitin by chemical method ____________________________ 10
B- Deacetylation of chitin by enzymatic method ___________________________ 11
C- Deacetylation of chitin by microwave assisted method ___________________ 11
5. General properties___________________________________________________ 11
6. Physicochemical properties ___________________________________________ 12
A- Degree of deacetylation (dd) of chitosan _______________________________ 12
B- Molecular weight __________________________________________________ 12
C- Viscosity _________________________________________________________ 12
D- Solubility_________________________________________________________ 13
E- Ph of chitosan solution _____________________________________________ 13
F- Water-binding capacity and fat-binding capacity _______________________ 13
7. Biological properties _________________________________________________ 14
8. Chitosan derivatives _________________________________________________ 15
Iii. Characterization of chitin and chitosan ___________________________________ 17
Iv. Chitosan application ___________________________________________________ 18
1. Chitosan in biomedicine ______________________________________________ 18
2. Antimicrobial - antifungal activity of chitosan ____________________________ 19
The mechanisms of action of chitosan against bacteria and fungi ______________ 19
Abstract
List of Figures
List of Tables
Introduction _______________________________________________________________ 1
Chapter 01 : literature review
I. Chitin ________________________________________________________________ 3
1. History _____________________________________________________________ 3
2. Structure____________________________________________________________ 3
3. Sources of chitin______________________________________________________ 4
4. Chitin isolation_______________________________________________________ 5
A- Chemical extraction ________________________________________________ 6
B- Biological extraction ________________________________________________ 7
5. Properties of chitin ___________________________________________________ 7
Ii. Chitin main derivative: chitosan __________________________________________ 9
1. History _____________________________________________________________ 9
2. Structure____________________________________________________________ 9
3. Source of chitosan ___________________________________________________ 10
4. Chitosan production _________________________________________________ 10
A- Deacetylation of chitin by chemical method ____________________________ 10
B- Deacetylation of chitin by enzymatic method ___________________________ 11
C- Deacetylation of chitin by microwave assisted method ___________________ 11
5. General properties___________________________________________________ 11
6. Physicochemical properties ___________________________________________ 12
A- Degree of deacetylation (dd) of chitosan _______________________________ 12
B- Molecular weight __________________________________________________ 12
C- Viscosity _________________________________________________________ 12
D- Solubility_________________________________________________________ 13
E- Ph of chitosan solution _____________________________________________ 13
F- Water-binding capacity and fat-binding capacity _______________________ 13
7. Biological properties _________________________________________________ 14
8. Chitosan derivatives _________________________________________________ 15
Iii. Characterization of chitin and chitosan ___________________________________ 17
Iv. Chitosan application ___________________________________________________ 18
1. Chitosan in biomedicine ______________________________________________ 18
2. Antimicrobial - antifungal activity of chitosan ____________________________ 19
The mechanisms of action of chitosan against bacteria and fungi ______________ 19