List of Figures
Figure 1:Henri braconnot, 1780–1855 (crini and lichtfouse, 2019)--------------------------- 3
Figure2 : Chitin -chitosan -cellulose structure (crini and lichtfouse, 2019) ----------------- 3
Figure 3:Chitin polymeric forms (α-, β-, and γ-) ------------------------------------------------ 4
Figure 4:The sources of chitin for chitosan preparation (kulka and sionkowska, 2023 --- 4
Figure 5:Chitin preparation process from aquatic crustacean biowastes ------------------- 5
Figure 6:Chitin proprties --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Figure7 : Charles marie benjamin rouget (crini and lichtfouse, 2019) ---------------------- 9
Figure 8 : Structure of chitin and chitosan (casadidio et al., 2019)--------------------------- 9
Figure 9 : Reaction scheme for alkaline deacetylation of chitin ---------------------------- 10
Figure 10 : Major units in chitin and chitosan (thomas et al., 2020) ----------------------- 11
Figure 11:Schematic representation of the possibilities of processing chitosan into
different forms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Figure 12:Chemical structure of chitin (a) chitosan (b) and chitosan hydrochloride (c)
(fournier et al., 2020). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Figure 13 : Various application of chitosan ---------------------------------------------------- 18
Figure 14 : Potential antimicrobial actions of chitosan against (a) gram-positive bacteria,
(b) gram-negative bacteria, and (c) fungi. (ke et al., 2021)---------------------------------- 20
Figure 15 : Publications about chitosan drug delivery in scopus --------------------------- 21
Figure16 : Skin anatomy ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Figure 17 : Mechanisms of wound healing promotion by chitosan-based products. ---- 22
Figure 18 : Superficial second-degree burn treated with chitosan gel (kordestani, 2019)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
Figure 19 : Market products based on chitin and chitosan ---------------------------------- 23
Figure 20:Chitosan application in cosmetics -------------------------------------------------- 24
Figure 21:Application of chitosan and its derivatives in plant production---------------- 25
Figure 22:Shrimp shell waste cleaning process ----------------------------------------------- 29
Figure 23 : Shrimp shell drying process-------------------------------------------------------- 29
Figure 24 : Grinding and sieving of shrimp shells -------------------------------------------- 30
Figure 25 : Method 01-protein removal process ---------------------------------------------- 31
Figure 26:Method 01 - calcium carbonate removal ------------------------------------------ 31
Figure 27 : Method 01- alkaline hydrolysis of chitin ----------------------------------------- 32
Figure 28 : Method 02 – bleaching (a) and washing process (b) --------------------------- 33
Figure 29 : Method 02 -resulting chitin powder----------------------------------------------- 33
Figure 1:Henri braconnot, 1780–1855 (crini and lichtfouse, 2019)--------------------------- 3
Figure2 : Chitin -chitosan -cellulose structure (crini and lichtfouse, 2019) ----------------- 3
Figure 3:Chitin polymeric forms (α-, β-, and γ-) ------------------------------------------------ 4
Figure 4:The sources of chitin for chitosan preparation (kulka and sionkowska, 2023 --- 4
Figure 5:Chitin preparation process from aquatic crustacean biowastes ------------------- 5
Figure 6:Chitin proprties --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8
Figure7 : Charles marie benjamin rouget (crini and lichtfouse, 2019) ---------------------- 9
Figure 8 : Structure of chitin and chitosan (casadidio et al., 2019)--------------------------- 9
Figure 9 : Reaction scheme for alkaline deacetylation of chitin ---------------------------- 10
Figure 10 : Major units in chitin and chitosan (thomas et al., 2020) ----------------------- 11
Figure 11:Schematic representation of the possibilities of processing chitosan into
different forms ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15
Figure 12:Chemical structure of chitin (a) chitosan (b) and chitosan hydrochloride (c)
(fournier et al., 2020). ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 16
Figure 13 : Various application of chitosan ---------------------------------------------------- 18
Figure 14 : Potential antimicrobial actions of chitosan against (a) gram-positive bacteria,
(b) gram-negative bacteria, and (c) fungi. (ke et al., 2021)---------------------------------- 20
Figure 15 : Publications about chitosan drug delivery in scopus --------------------------- 21
Figure16 : Skin anatomy ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22
Figure 17 : Mechanisms of wound healing promotion by chitosan-based products. ---- 22
Figure 18 : Superficial second-degree burn treated with chitosan gel (kordestani, 2019)
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 23
Figure 19 : Market products based on chitin and chitosan ---------------------------------- 23
Figure 20:Chitosan application in cosmetics -------------------------------------------------- 24
Figure 21:Application of chitosan and its derivatives in plant production---------------- 25
Figure 22:Shrimp shell waste cleaning process ----------------------------------------------- 29
Figure 23 : Shrimp shell drying process-------------------------------------------------------- 29
Figure 24 : Grinding and sieving of shrimp shells -------------------------------------------- 30
Figure 25 : Method 01-protein removal process ---------------------------------------------- 31
Figure 26:Method 01 - calcium carbonate removal ------------------------------------------ 31
Figure 27 : Method 01- alkaline hydrolysis of chitin ----------------------------------------- 32
Figure 28 : Method 02 – bleaching (a) and washing process (b) --------------------------- 33
Figure 29 : Method 02 -resulting chitin powder----------------------------------------------- 33