CHAPTER IV
Results & Discussion
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- Ponds with Salvina natans (pteridophytes), Lemna gibba or Wolffia arrhiza, and
Persicaria senegalensis.
- Dune water bodies with Nymphaea alba, Myriophyllum alterniflorum, Potamogeton
lucens, Rorippa amphibia, and Ricciocarpus natans (bryophytes).
- Alder groves with Alnus glutinosa, Carex elata, Cladium mariscus, Ranunculus
flammula, Campanula alata, Eleocharis multicaulis, Rhynchospora glauca, and various
orchids (Dactylorhiza elata, Serapias parviflora, or Serapias lingua).
- Water bodies in alluvial plains with Rumex algeriensis and Persicaria amphibia,
accompanied by a sedge community.
- Ponds with Isoetes velata and Coleostephus paludosus.
- Marshes with Salicornia arabica and Lepidium coronopus.
- Riparian forests with Populus alba, Ulmus campestris, Salix alba, and Vitex agnuscastus.

Physical elements
 Climate
Region: Humid middle-latitude climate with mild winters.
Subregional climate: Mediterranean (Mild, scorching summers).
 Soil:
The soils in the area are a mix of less developed aeolian deposits and less evolved alluvial soils.
There are also some brown soils, occasionally leached. Most of the soils are found in relatively
flat zones, with varying textures that allow for intensive or semi-intensive land use. However,
they do pose challenges due to the generally unstable and chemically poor nature of the aeolian
deposits.
 Hydrological regime:
The hydrological network primarily comprises two main rivers: Oued El Kebir and Oued
Magroune. Oued El Kebir is one of the largest rivers in terms of length and volume, with a
width ranging from 20 to 50 meters. It flows into the Marsa beach in the Mediterranean Sea.
The network is further complemented by eight smaller rivers in the plain. The area is divided