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Soft structures:
Soft structures options dissipate incident wave energy , the extent of
which depends on the nature of the protection measure , wave and
sediment dynamics along the coast . These include structures reinforced
with eco-friendly materials
which do not greatly impact
the
environment and eco-system.
Geosynthetics :
A more elaborate definition to geosynthetics is given by the American
Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Committee on geosynthetics
as « a planar product manufactured from polymeric material used with
soil , rock , earth , or other geotechnical engineering related material as
an integral part of a man-made project , structure , or system ».
Artificial Reefs :
Artificial reefs are manmade underwater obstructions that are
submerged below the sea surface . These obstructions are like any
natural ones acting as buffers in diffracting the incident wave energy ,
offer friction , thus leading to wave attenuation. The degree of
attenuation of incident wave energy depends on the shape , size and
material of the artificial reefs.
Soft measures :
It refers to the protection measures which leaves behind less or no
morphological / geographical / geological /environmental / ecological
foot print . These measures aim to stabilize the shoreline and save the
beaches and landforms from any approaching natural disasters.
1-Beach nourishment :
A wider beach width can be artificially achieved by supplying sediments
from a source to the stretch of the coast facing erosion. This method