88
tonnage. In addition, the landfilled waste category is assumed to be manufactured from raw
material. This accounts for 99% of the energy EF in both wilayas. However, the absence of
selective sorting of waste by type of material at the municipal level prior to the collection
process could weakens the estimation the materials quantity included in the residents'
consumer goods, and the potentially of the recoverable waste.
Based on field observations, in both wilayas, MSW tonnage is underestimated for further
reasons: waste removal from dumping containers, and substantial amounts of waste on the
shore that cannot be collected due to the difficulty of accessing these areas by truck. In
addition, the observed overflow of waste in cities, especially from dumping bins, confirms a
disparity in waste collection frequency and efforts.
The volume of urban wastewater generated in wilaya Algiers is 12 times higher than in the
wilaya of Tipaza. This significant volume requires higher energy consumption. Accordingly, the
EF_opt_energy in Algiers's wilaya is higher, including leachate treatment.
Regarding operational energy, MSW transportation accounts for more than 50% of CO2
emissions in the two wilayas and requires the most considerable EF. However, fuel
consumption data was complex and could have led to an underestimation. For instance, in the
wilaya of Algiers, only data from EXTRANET were complete and included in the estimated
associated GHG emissions, assuming that this organization covers large parts of Algiers'
municipalities (EXTRANET, 2019). Nevertheless, despite this limitation, EF_c associated with
fuel usage remains the largest among waste management operations.
Indeed, data shortages are a recurrent issue, especially in Tipaza, because individual
municipalities are still partly responsible for waste collection. Thus, information regarding the
operating fleet is disaggregated and challenging to obtain. Similarly, the data structure is not
standardized, and waste management differs in both cities in several aspects (Akrour et al.,
2021).
Onsite observations have revealed that LTCs of the region under consideration are designed
differently. Even though landfilling has been one of the oldest waste treatment options, LTC
architecture in the two cities has many shortcomings. For example, Tipaza LTCs lack leachate
treatment stations, and only one of the three LTCs is equipped with a sorting shed. EF_built is
proportional to the extent of infrastructures for waste management. Therefore, it is relatively
significant in the wilaya of Tipaza despite the absence of activities such as composting and
leachate treatment plants, the wilaya’s landfill sites are spread over three LTCs (Gouraya,
Meurad, Attatba and a management center in Sidi Rashed), each of these LTCs has an access
passage, a weighbridge, sorting sheds, and surveillance posts compared to the wilaya of
Algiers account for one LTC (Hamici) (figures 18, 19).
tonnage. In addition, the landfilled waste category is assumed to be manufactured from raw
material. This accounts for 99% of the energy EF in both wilayas. However, the absence of
selective sorting of waste by type of material at the municipal level prior to the collection
process could weakens the estimation the materials quantity included in the residents'
consumer goods, and the potentially of the recoverable waste.
Based on field observations, in both wilayas, MSW tonnage is underestimated for further
reasons: waste removal from dumping containers, and substantial amounts of waste on the
shore that cannot be collected due to the difficulty of accessing these areas by truck. In
addition, the observed overflow of waste in cities, especially from dumping bins, confirms a
disparity in waste collection frequency and efforts.
The volume of urban wastewater generated in wilaya Algiers is 12 times higher than in the
wilaya of Tipaza. This significant volume requires higher energy consumption. Accordingly, the
EF_opt_energy in Algiers's wilaya is higher, including leachate treatment.
Regarding operational energy, MSW transportation accounts for more than 50% of CO2
emissions in the two wilayas and requires the most considerable EF. However, fuel
consumption data was complex and could have led to an underestimation. For instance, in the
wilaya of Algiers, only data from EXTRANET were complete and included in the estimated
associated GHG emissions, assuming that this organization covers large parts of Algiers'
municipalities (EXTRANET, 2019). Nevertheless, despite this limitation, EF_c associated with
fuel usage remains the largest among waste management operations.
Indeed, data shortages are a recurrent issue, especially in Tipaza, because individual
municipalities are still partly responsible for waste collection. Thus, information regarding the
operating fleet is disaggregated and challenging to obtain. Similarly, the data structure is not
standardized, and waste management differs in both cities in several aspects (Akrour et al.,
2021).
Onsite observations have revealed that LTCs of the region under consideration are designed
differently. Even though landfilling has been one of the oldest waste treatment options, LTC
architecture in the two cities has many shortcomings. For example, Tipaza LTCs lack leachate
treatment stations, and only one of the three LTCs is equipped with a sorting shed. EF_built is
proportional to the extent of infrastructures for waste management. Therefore, it is relatively
significant in the wilaya of Tipaza despite the absence of activities such as composting and
leachate treatment plants, the wilaya’s landfill sites are spread over three LTCs (Gouraya,
Meurad, Attatba and a management center in Sidi Rashed), each of these LTCs has an access
passage, a weighbridge, sorting sheds, and surveillance posts compared to the wilaya of
Algiers account for one LTC (Hamici) (figures 18, 19).